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Hunga Tonga–Hunga Haʻapai erupted over a span of 12 hours, releasing 1.9 km 3 (0.46 cu mi) of ejecta with an estimated mass of 2,900 teragrams. Although the eruption energy was soon estimated from the acoustic waves and the ash cloud, its ranking on the Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) is still debated. [62]
Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha'apai [13] Tonga 2022 58 6–10 [14] [15] [16] 6 The explosive submarine eruption began on December 20, 2021, with the largest explosion occurring on January 15, 2022. Satellite measurements recorded an eruption column of at least 30,000 m (98,000 ft) into the atmosphere. [17]
Before the 2022 eruption, the highest point in the former Hunga Tonga reached an elevation of 149 m (489 ft), while Hunga Haʻapai was only 128 m (420 ft) above sea level. [3] Neither island was large: before they were connected in 2015, each island was about 2 km (1.2 mi) long, with Hunga Tonga being roughly 390,000 m 2 (0.15 sq mi) and Hunga ...
2022 Callao oil spill; 2022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Haʻapai eruption and tsunami This page was last edited on 6 December 2023, at 20:44 (UTC). Text is available ...
Ongoing — COVID-19 pandemic in Tonga. 14 January – 2022 Hunga Tonga eruption and tsunami: The Hunga Tonga, an undersea volcano, erupts, sending ash and steam 20 kilometers into the air. The government of Tonga issues a tsunami warning and advises people in all islands of Tonga to avoid the coasts. [1]
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Fonoifua was heavily affected by the 2022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha'apai eruption and tsunami. [1] The Guardian and ITV News reported that all structures on the island were destroyed except for two houses. [2] [3]