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Drug precursors, also referred to as precursor chemicals or simply precursors, are substances used to manufacture illicit drugs. Most precursors also have legitimate commercial uses and are legally used in a wide variety of industrial processes and consumer products, such as medicines, flavourings, and fragrances.
In chemistry, a precursor is a compound that participates in a chemical reaction that produces another compound. In biochemistry , the term "precursor" often refers more specifically to a chemical compound preceding another in a metabolic pathway , such as a protein precursor .
The United States Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) maintains lists regarding the classification of illicit drugs (see DEA Schedules).It also maintains List I of chemicals and List II of chemicals, which contain chemicals that are used to manufacture the controlled substances/illicit drugs.
The drug can be made from codeine and iodine derived from over-the-counter medications and red phosphorus from match strikers, [17] in a process similar to the manufacturing of methamphetamine from pseudoephedrine. Like methamphetamine, desomorphine made this way is often contaminated with various agents.
Ephedrine is still sold as an oral nasal decongestant [76] in 8 mg pills as a natural health product, with a limit of 0.4 g (400 mg) per package, the limit established by the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act as it is considered as Class A Precursor.
4-ANPP, also known as 4-anilino-N-phenethylpiperidine (4-ANPP), 4-aminophenyl-1-phenethylpiperidine, or despropionyl fentanyl, [3] is a direct precursor to fentanyl and acetylfentanyl. It is commonly found as a contaminant in samples of drugs containing fentanyl, which may include samples represented by the supplier as heroin or other opioids. [4]
Ephedrine is the precursor of synthetic amphetamines. The diastereomer of ephedrine, pseudoephedrine is found in Ephedra sinica together along with ephedrine.Ephedrine and pseudoephedrine are both generally used for weight reduction and performance enhancement.
Crude drugs are drugs of plant, animal and microbial origin [clarification needed] that contain natural substances that have undergone only the processes of collection and drying. [ dubious – discuss ] The term natural substances refers to those substances found in nature that have not had man-made changes made in their molecular structure.