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  2. Ponzo illusion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponzo_illusion

    One of the explanations for the Ponzo illusion is the "perspective hypothesis", which says that the perspective feature in the figure is produced by the converging lines ordinarily associated with distance; the two oblique lines appear to converge toward the horizon or a vanishing point. We interpret the upper line as though it were further ...

  3. Perceived visual angle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perceived_visual_angle

    Similarly, S′ is the perceived linear extent by which the subjective point A′ appears directly above point B′. The observer could simply say how many inches or meters that vertical distance looks. For a viewed object, S′ thus is its perceived linear size in meters, (or apparent linear size).

  4. Depth perception - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depth_perception

    Perspective, relative size, occultation and texture gradients all contribute to the three-dimensional appearance of this photo. Depth perception is the ability to perceive distance to objects in the world using the visual system and visual perception. It is a major factor in perceiving the world in three dimensions

  5. Max Wertheimer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Wertheimer

    Max Wertheimer (April 15, 1880 – October 12, 1943) was a psychologist who was one of the three founders of Gestalt psychology, along with Kurt Koffka and Wolfgang Köhler.

  6. Emmert's law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmert's_law

    Emmert's law has been used to investigate the moon illusion (the apparent enlargement of the moon or sun near the horizon compared with higher in the sky). [7] [8] A neuroimaging study that examined brain activation when participants viewed afterimages on surfaces placed at different distances found evidence supporting Emmert's Law and thus size constancy played out in primary visual cortex ...

  7. Parallel processing (psychology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_processing...

    These hints include relative height, relative size, linear perspective, lights and shadows, and relative motion. [15] Each hint helps to establish small facts about a scene that work together to form a perception of depth. Binocular cues and monocular cues are used constantly and subconsciously to sense depth.

  8. List of optical illusions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_optical_illusions

    Figure-ground (perception) Filling-in: Flash lag illusion: Forced perspective: Application used in film and architecture to create the illusion of larger, more distant objects. Fraser spiral illusion: The Fraser spiral illusion, or false spiral, or the twisted cord illusion, was first described by the British psychologist Sir James Fraser in ...

  9. Müller-Lyer illusion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Müller-Lyer_illusion

    The Müller-Lyer effect in a non-illusion. One possible explanation, given by Richard Gregory, [14] is that the Müller-Lyer illusion occurs because the visual system learns that the "angles in" configuration corresponds to a rectilinear object, such as the convex corner of a room, which is closer, and the "angles out" configuration corresponds to an object which is far away, such as the ...