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Prometaphase is the phase of mitosis following prophase and preceding metaphase in eukaryotic somatic cells. In prometaphase, the nuclear membrane breaks apart into numerous "membrane vesicles," and the chromosomes inside form protein structures called kinetochores . [ 1 ]
Early prometaphase: The nuclear membrane has just disassembled, allowing the microtubules to quickly interact with the kinetochores, which assemble on the centromeres of the condensing chromosomes. Metaphase : The centrosomes have moved to the poles of the cell and have established the mitotic spindle.
Scheme showing cell cycle progression between prometaphase and anaphase. (Chromosomes are in blue and kinetochores in light yellow). When just one microtubule is anchored to one kinetochore, it starts a rapid movement of the associated chromosome towards the pole generating that microtubule.
In one model, unattached prometaphase kinetochores can 'sensitize' APC to inhibition of MCC by recruiting the APC to kinetochores via a functioning SAC. Furthermore, depletions of various SAC proteins have revealed that MAD2 and BUBR1 depletions affect the timing of mitosis independently of kinetochores, while depletions of other SAC proteins ...
Arabidopsis thaliana cell in preprophase, prophase and prometaphase. Preprophase band is present along the cell wall from images 1–3, is fading in image 4, and disappears by image 5. [1] The most notable difference between prophase in plant cells and animal cells occurs because plant cells lack centrioles.
The cell cycle in eukaryotes: I = Interphase, M = Mitosis, G 0 = Gap 0, G 1 = Gap 1, G 2 = Gap 2, S = Synthesis, G 3 = Gap 3. Cell division is the process by which a parent cell divides into two daughter cells. [1] Cell division usually occurs as part of a larger cell cycle in which the cell grows and replicates its chromosome(s) before dividing.
N = Nucleus, V = Vacuole, PPB = Preprophase band, MTN = Microtubule nucleation starts at the nuclear envelope, NEB = Nuclear envelope breakdown at the onset of prometaphase. Also see the movie corresponding to this figure. Preprophase is an additional phase during mitosis in plant cells that does not occur in other eukaryotes such as animals or ...
During prometaphase and metaphase, condensin I and condensin II cooperate to assemble rod-shaped chromosomes, in which two sister chromatids are fully resolved. Such differential dynamics of the two complexes is observed in Xenopus egg extracts , [ 57 ] mouse oocytes, [ 58 ] and neural stem cells, [ 59 ] indicating that it is part of a ...