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  2. The Right and the Good - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Right_and_the_Good

    The Right and the Good is a 1930 book by the Scottish philosopher David Ross. In it, Ross develops a deontological pluralism based on prima facie duties . Ross defends a realist position about morality and an intuitionist position about moral knowledge.

  3. A Theory of Justice - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Theory_of_Justice

    A Theory of Justice is a 1971 work of political philosophy and ethics by the philosopher John Rawls (1921–2002) in which the author attempts to provide a moral theory alternative to utilitarianism and that addresses the problem of distributive justice (the socially just distribution of goods in a society).

  4. Justice as Fairness - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justice_as_Fairness

    Justice as Fairness: Political not Metaphysical" is an essay by John Rawls, published in 1985. [1] In it he describes his conception of justice. It comprises two main principles of liberty and equality; the second is subdivided into fair equality of opportunity and the difference principle .

  5. Justice - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justice

    Social justice is also distinct from egalitarianism, which is the idea that all people are equal in terms of status, value, or rights, as social justice theories do not all require equality. [40] For example, sociologist George C. Homans suggested that the root of the concept of justice is that each person should receive rewards that are ...

  6. Global justice - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_justice

    In contrast, Rawls argues that when his method is applied to global justice, it supports a quite traditional, Kantian international ethics: duties of states to obey treaties and strict limits on warmaking, but no global repossession of private property. So, different justices apply to the domestic and international cases.

  7. Natural law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_law

    Natural law [1] (Latin: ius naturale, lex naturalis) is a system of law based on a close observation of natural order and human nature, from which values, thought by natural law's proponents to be intrinsic to human nature, can be deduced and applied independently of positive law (the express enacted laws of a state or society). [2]

  8. Rights - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rights

    Rights ethics is an answer to the meta-ethical question of what normative ethics is concerned with (meta-ethics also includes a group of questions about how ethics comes to be known, true, etc. which is not directly addressed by rights ethics). Rights ethics holds that normative ethics is concerned with rights. Alternative meta-ethical theories ...

  9. Ethics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethics

    According to Aristotle, how to lead a good life is one of the central questions of ethics. [1]Ethics, also called moral philosophy, is the study of moral phenomena. It is one of the main branches of philosophy and investigates the nature of morality and the principles that govern the moral evaluation of conduct, character traits, and institutions.