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  2. Antigen - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigen

    Different antibodies have the potential to discriminate among specific epitopes present on the antigen surface. A hapten is a small molecule that can only induce an immune response when attached to a larger carrier molecule, such as a protein. Antigens can be proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, nucleic acids or other biomolecules. [4]

  3. Antigen-antibody interaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigen-antibody_interaction

    Firstly, the antigen and antibody rapidly form antigen-antibody complexes within few seconds and this is followed by a slower reaction in which the antibody-antigen complexes forms lattices that precipitate from the solution. [25] [26] A special ring test is useful for diagnosis of anthrax and determination of adulteration in food. [27] [28]

  4. Epitope - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epitope

    Although epitopes are usually non-self proteins, sequences derived from the host that can be recognized (as in the case of autoimmune diseases) are also epitopes. [1] The epitopes of protein antigens are divided into two categories, conformational epitopes and linear epitopes, based on their structure and interaction with the paratope. [2]

  5. Immunoglobulin superfamily - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoglobulin_superfamily

    The immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) is a large protein superfamily of cell surface and soluble proteins that are involved in the recognition, binding, or adhesion processes of cells. Molecules are categorized as members of this superfamily based on shared structural features with immunoglobulins (also known as antibodies); they all possess a ...

  6. Immune system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_system

    An antibody is made up of two heavy chains and two light chains. The unique variable region allows an antibody to recognize its matching antigen. [73] A B cell identifies pathogens when antibodies on its surface bind to a specific foreign antigen. [74] This antigen/antibody complex is taken up by the B cell and processed by proteolysis into ...

  7. Lectin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lectin

    A lectin from Ulex europaeus is used to identify the H blood group antigen. A lectin from Vicia graminea is used to identify the N blood group antigen. A lectin from Iberis amara is used to identify the M blood group antigen. Non blood-group antigens can be identified by lectins: A lectin from coconut milk is used to identify Theros antigen.

  8. Antibody - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibody

    Each antibody binds to a specific antigen in a highly specific interaction analogous to a lock and key.. An antibody (Ab) or immunoglobulin (Ig) is a large, Y-shaped protein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily which is used by the immune system to identify and neutralize antigens such as bacteria and viruses, including those that cause disease.

  9. Immunocytochemistry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunocytochemistry

    Immunocytochemistry labels individual proteins within cells, such as TH (green) in the axons of sympathetic autonomic neurons.. Immunocytochemistry (ICC) is a common laboratory technique that is used to anatomically visualize the localization of a specific protein or antigen in cells by use of a specific primary antibody that binds to it.