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Distinct petals and sepals would therefore have arisen by differentiation, probably in response to animal pollination. In typical modern flowers, the outer or enclosing whorl of organs forms sepals, specialised for protection of the flower bud as it develops, while the inner whorl forms petals, which attract pollinators.
The calyx (the sepals) and the corolla (the petals) are the outer sterile whorls of the flower, which together form the perianth. [17] In some plants, such as Aristolochia , the calyx is the primary whorl, forming a flower up to 20 inches (51 cm) wide, with one sepal growing to a length of 13 feet (4.0 m) – Aristolochia grandiflora , the ...
The anatomy of the tepals and petals is similar to that of the sepals. The epidermal cell walls are often convex or papillose, especially on the adaxial side. In many petals, such as those of Brassica napus, the papillae are conical, with a marked cuticular thickening at the apex, and radial striations toward the base. It has been suggested ...
Flowers consist of a combination of vegetative organs – sepals that enclose and protect the developing flower. Petals attract pollinators, and reproductive organs that produce gametophytes, which in flowering plants produce gametes. The male gametophytes, which produce sperm, are enclosed within pollen grains produced in the anthers.
Petals are usually accompanied by another set of modified leaves called sepals, that collectively form the calyx and lie just beneath the corolla. The calyx and the corolla together make up the perianth, the non-reproductive portion of a flower. When the petals and sepals of a flower are difficult to distinguish, they are collectively called ...
A mature flower. In this example, the perianth is separated into a calyx (sepals) and corolla (petals) The perianth (perigonium, perigon or perigone in monocots) is the non-reproductive part of the flower, and structure that forms an envelope surrounding the sexual organs, consisting of the calyx (sepals) and the corolla (petals) or tepals when called a perigone.
The outer series (calyx of sepals) is usually green and leaf-like, and functions to protect the rest of the flower, especially the bud. [58] [59] The inner series (corolla of petals) is, in general, white or brightly colored, is more delicate in structure, and attracts pollinators by colour, scent, and nectar. [60] [61]
open – petals or sepals do not overlap or even touch each other . reduplicate – folded outwards. valvate – margins of adjacent petals or sepals touch each other without overlapping. vexillary – a special type of aestivation occurring in plants like pea; in this type of aestivation a large petal called standard encloses two smaller petals.