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Good sought to identify buffering compounds which met several criteria likely to be of value in biological research. pK a: Because most biological reactions take place near-neutral pH between 6 and 8, ideal buffers would have pK a values in this region to provide maximum buffering capacity there.
Buffer capacity falls to 33% of the maximum value at pH = pK a ± 1, to 10% at pH = pK a ± 1.5 and to 1% at pH = pK a ± 2. For this reason the most useful range is approximately p K a ± 1. When choosing a buffer for use at a specific pH, it should have a p K a value as close as possible to that pH.
Tricine is an organic compound that is used in buffer solutions. The name tricine comes from tris and glycine, from which it was derived. [1] It is a white crystalline powder that is moderately soluble in water. It is a zwitterionic amino acid that has a pKa1 value of 2.3 at 25 °C, while its pKa2 at 20 °C is 8.15. Its useful buffering range ...
This list is sorted by boiling point of gases in ascending order, but can be sorted on different values. "sub" and "triple" refer to the sublimation point and the triple point, which are given in the case of a substance that sublimes at 1 atm; "dec" refers to decomposition. "~" means approximately.
HEPES (4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid) is a zwitterionic sulfonic acid buffering agent.It is one of the twenty Good's buffers.HEPES is widely used in cell culture, largely because it is better at maintaining physiological pH despite changes in carbon dioxide concentration (produced by aerobic respiration) when compared to bicarbonate buffers, which are also commonly used in ...
McIlvaine buffer is a buffer solution composed of citric acid and disodium hydrogen phosphate, also known as citrate-phosphate buffer. It was introduced in 1921 by the United States agronomist Theodore Clinton McIlvaine (1875–1959) from West Virginia University , and it can be prepared in pH 2.2 to 8 by mixing two stock solutions.
Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) is a buffer solution (pH ~ 7.4) commonly used in biological research. It is a water-based salt solution containing disodium hydrogen phosphate, sodium chloride and, in some formulations, potassium chloride and potassium dihydrogen phosphate. The buffer helps to maintain a constant pH.
The steps of alkaline lysis can be summarized as the formation of a pellet, resuspension of the pellet in solution, cell lysis, neutralization, and centrifugation. [ 2 ] Alkaline lysis takes advantage of the small and supercoiled physical composition of plasmid DNA compared to chromosomal DNA, along with its ability to reanneal double stranded ...