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SHA-2: A family of two similar hash functions, with different block sizes, known as SHA-256 and SHA-512. They differ in the word size; SHA-256 uses 32-bit words where SHA-512 uses 64-bit words. There are also truncated versions of each standard, known as SHA-224, SHA-384, SHA-512/224 and SHA-512/256. These were also designed by the NSA.
256 256 512 64 [note 3] 32 10 BLAKE3: Unlimited [note 4] 256 [note 5] 512 64 32 7 GOST: 256 256 256 256 32 32 HAVAL: 256/224/192/160/128 256 1024 64 32 3/4/5 MD2: 128 384 128 – 32 18 MD4: 128 128 512 64 32 3 MD5: 128 128 512 64 32 64 PANAMA: 256 8736 256 – 32 – RadioGatún: Unlimited [note 6] 58 words 19 words [note 7] – 1–64 [note 8 ...
The authors have reacted to this criticism by suggesting to use SHAKE128 and SHAKE256 instead of SHA3-256 and SHA3-512, at the expense of cutting the preimage resistance in half (but while keeping the collision resistance). With this, performance is on par with SHA2-256 and SHA2-512.
Algorithm and variant Output size (bits) Internal state size (bits) Block size (bits) Rounds Operations Security against collision attacks (bits) Security against length extension attacks
SHA-2 (Secure Hash Algorithm 2) is a set of cryptographic hash functions designed by the United States National Security Agency (NSA) and first published in 2001. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] They are built using the Merkle–Damgård construction , from a one-way compression function itself built using the Davies–Meyer structure from a specialized block cipher.
SHA-2 basically consists of two hash algorithms: SHA-256 and SHA-512. SHA-224 is a variant of SHA-256 with different starting values and truncated output. SHA-384 and the lesser-known SHA-512/224 and SHA-512/256 are all variants of SHA-512. SHA-512 is more secure than SHA-256 and is commonly faster than SHA-256 on 64-bit machines such as AMD64.
Like SHA-2, BLAKE comes in two variants: one that uses 32-bit words, used for computing hashes up to 256 bits long, and one that uses 64-bit words, used for computing hashes up to 512 bits long. The core block transformation combines 16 words of input with 16 working variables, but only 8 words (256 or 512 bits) are preserved between blocks.
The original SSE-based extensions added four instructions supporting SHA-1 and three for SHA-256. SHA-1: SHA1RNDS4 , SHA1NEXTE , SHA1MSG1 , SHA1MSG2 SHA-256: SHA256RNDS2 , SHA256MSG1 , SHA256MSG2