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Sterile abdominal surgery, under normal circumstances, causes localised or minimal generalised peritonitis, which may leave behind a foreign body reaction or fibrotic adhesions. However, peritonitis may also be caused by the rare case of a sterile foreign body inadvertently left in the abdomen after surgery (e.g., gauze, sponge).
Recovery time depends on age, condition, complications, and other circumstances, including the amount of alcohol consumption, but usually is between 10 and 28 days. For young children (around ten years old), the recovery takes three weeks. The possibility of peritonitis is the reason why acute appendicitis warrants rapid evaluation and treatment.
One of the most severe at risk populations are children under 5. [7] Malnutrition during the early stages of development can have negative and severe effects on growth and intellectual development. This effect on a child's intellectual quotient makes it harder for them later in life to achieve their true potential abilities.
Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) is a chronic clinical syndrome with an insidious onset that manifests as chronic undernourishment accompanied by sporadic, acute, or subacute gastrointestinal obstruction symptoms. [1]
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is the development of a bacterial infection in the peritoneum, despite the absence of an obvious source for the infection. [1] It is specifically an infection of the ascitic fluid – an increased volume of peritoneal fluid. [2] Ascites is most commonly a complication of cirrhosis of the liver. [1]
A common cause of peritonitis is touch contamination, e.g. insertion of catheter by un-sanitized hands, which potentially introduces bacteria to the abdomen; other causes include catheter complication, transplantation of bowel bacteria, and systemic infections. [9] Most common type of PD-peritonitis infection (80%) are from bacterial sources. [9]
[5] [2] Complications can include inflammation and ulceration of the colon with tissue death or perforation, which may result in peritonitis. [2] Anemia may develop due to prolonged gastric bleeding. [2] Cysts of Entamoeba can survive for up to a month in soil or for up to 45 minutes under fingernails. [2]
While it is commonly assumed that people either recover or die from infections, long-term symptoms—or sequelae—are a possible outcome as well. [1] Examples include long COVID (post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection, PASC), Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), and post-Ebola virus syndrome . [ 1 ]