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The depth of flow is the same at every section of the channel. Uniform flow can be steady or unsteady, depending on whether or not the depth changes with time, (although unsteady uniform flow is rare). Varied flow. The depth of flow changes along the length of the channel. Varied flow technically may be either steady or unsteady.
Gradually varied flow occurs when the change in flow depth per change in flow distance is very small. In this case, hydrostatic relationships developed for uniform flow still apply. Examples of this include the backwater behind an in-stream structure (e.g. dam, sluice gate, weir, etc.), when there is a constriction in the channel, and when ...
The Chézy formula describes mean flow velocity in turbulent open channel flow and is used broadly in fields related to fluid mechanics and fluid dynamics. Open channels refer to any open conduit, such as rivers, ditches, canals, or partially full pipes. The Chézy formula is defined for uniform equilibrium and non-uniform, gradually varied flows.
Microfluidics refers to the flow of fluid in channels or networks with at least one dimension on the micron scale. [1] [2] In open microfluidics, also referred to as open surface microfluidics or open-space microfluidics, at least one boundary confining the fluid flow of a system is removed, exposing the fluid to air or another interface such as a second fluid.
Nappe flow regimes occur for small discharges and flat slopes. If the discharge is increased or the slope of the channel is increased, a skimming flow regime can occur (Shahheydari et al. 2015). Nappe flow has pockets of air at each step whereas skimming flow does not. The onset of skimming flow can be defined as: (d c)=1.057*h - 0.465*h 2 /l ...
Parshall flumes (right) alongside other types of flow meters. The Parshall flume is an open channel flow-metering device that was developed to measure the flow of surface water and irrigation flow.
Open channel flow describes cases where flowing liquid has a top surface open to the air; the cross-section of the flow is only determined by the shape of the channel on the lower side, and is variable depending on the depth of liquid in the channel. Techniques appropriate for a fixed cross-section of flow in a pipe are not useful in open channels.
In rectangular channel, such conservation equation can be further simplified to dimensionless M-y equation form, which is widely used in hydraulic jump analysis in open channel flow. Jump height in terms of flow Dividing by constant and introducing the result from continuity gives