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The Tsardom of Russia, [a] also known as the Tsardom of Moscow, [b] was the centralized Russian state from the assumption of the title of tsar by Ivan IV in 1547 until the foundation of the Russian Empire by Peter the Great in 1721. From 1550 to 1700, Russia grew by an average of 35,000 square kilometres (14,000 sq mi) per year. [11]
Tsarist autocracy (Russian: царское самодержавие, romanized: tsarskoye samoderzhaviye), also called Tsarism, was an autocracy, a form of absolute monarchy localised with the Grand Duchy of Moscow and its successor states, the Tsardom of Russia and the Russian Empire.
The Orthodox faith was declared the state religion, [30] and both the emperor and his or her consort were required to profess that religion. [31] The Tsar was named as the "supreme defender and guardian" of the Russian Orthodox Church , [ 32 ] while those of other confessions were promised full religious liberty, [ 33 ] which was also extended ...
[51] [18] In the decree establishing the patriarchate, the whole Russian tsardom is called a "third Rome". [52] By the mid-17th century, the religious practices of the Russian Orthodox Church were distinct from those of the Greek Orthodox Church. [19]
The Millennium of Russia monument in Veliky Novgorod (unveiled on 8 September 1862) Medieval Russian states around 1470, including Novgorod, Tver, Pskov, Ryazan, Rostov and Moscow Expansion and territorial evolution of the Grand Duchy of Moscow, Tsardom of Russia and Russian Empire between the 14th and 20th centuries Location of the Russian SFSR within the Soviet Union in 1956–1991
The Old Believers in Imperial Russia: Oppression, Opportunism and Religious Identity in Tsarist Moscow, I. B. Tauris, 2018 ISBN 978-1784538927; Gill, T.: The Council of Florence, Cambridge, 1959; MacCulloch, Diarmaid, A History of Christianity, 2009, Penguin 2010 ISBN 978-0-14-102189-8, chapter 15
The Tsarist bureaucracy, alongside the military, the judiciary and the Russian Orthodox Church, played a major role in solidifying and maintaining the rule of the Tsars in the Tsardom of Russia (1547–1721) and in the Russian Empire (1721–1917).
Among the not religious population, 36,000,000 people or 25% declared to "believe in God (or in a higher power)" but to "not profess any particular religion", 18,600,000 or 13% were atheists, and 7,900,000 or 5.5% did not state any religious, spiritual or atheist belief.