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Accropode (1981) The Accropode is a single-layer artificial armour unit developed by Sogreah in 1981. Accropode concrete armour units are applied in a single layer. Ecopode (1996) The Ecopode armour unit with a rock-like appearance was developed by Sogreah to enhance the natural appearance of concrete armourings above low water level.
Ordinary concrete C25/30 is normally appropriate for the production of Xbloc armour units. However, often concrete of higher strength is applied for other reasons, e.g. early strength for faster de-moulding, ice loads, etc. By omitting reinforcement, time and costs are cut and the armour units are less vulnerable to long term corrosion damage.
Hudson's equation, also known as Hudson formula, is an equation used by coastal engineers to calculate the minimum size of riprap (armourstone) required to provide satisfactory stability characteristics for rubble structures such as breakwaters under attack from storm wave conditions.
For example, rock can weigh between 150-175 lb; [2] a suitable rip-rap boulder comparable to a 96 inch A-Jacks unit (about 36 c.f.) would weigh about 5800 pounds, about 16% more than the A-Jacks unit. A-Jacks also have the advantage of being interlocking and self-stabilizing.
Tetrapods used to protect a seawall Large interlocked Xblocs (8.0 m 3 or 280 cu ft) in a trial placement. A wave-dissipating concrete block is a naturally or manually interlocking concrete structure designed and employed to minimize the effects of wave action upon shores and shoreline structures, such as quays and jetties.
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A breakwater structure is designed to absorb the energy of the waves that hit it, either by using mass (e.g. with caissons), or by using a revetment slope (e.g. with rock or concrete armour units). In coastal engineering, a revetment is a land-backed structure whilst a breakwater is a sea-backed structure (i.e. water on both sides).
The Van der Meer formula is a formula for calculating the required stone weight for armourstone under the influence of (wind) waves.This is necessary for the design of breakwaters and shoreline protection.