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The Southeast Asian haze is a fire-related recurrent transboundary air pollution issue. Haze events, where air quality reaches hazardous levels due to high concentrations of airborne particulate matter from burning biomass, [1] have caused adverse health, environmental and economic impacts in several countries in Southeast Asia.
Under Singapore's Transboundary Haze Pollution Act, those guilty can be fined up to $100,000 a day, capped at $2 million, for causing unhealthy haze. Some of the 2015 FINA Swimming World Cup's events on 3 October 2015 were cancelled as the PSI was in the 'unhealthy' range. [103]
Transboundary environmental issues are those which affect a number of neighbouring countries. This is in contrast to global environmental issues which concern the entire planet. Subcategories
The smoke haze episode has added to the urban and industrial air pollution in Southeast Asia, causing it to reach alarming levels in many metropolitan areas. By scattering and absorbing light, the fire-related particulate also resulted in reduced visibility ; impairing transportation by air, land and water and seriously affecting the economies ...
A NASA satellite image of the haze on 19 June 2013. The extent of the haze as of 19 June 2013. [1] The extent of the haze as of 23 June 2013. [1]The 2013 Southeast Asian haze was a haze crisis that affected several countries in Southeast Asia, including Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore [2] and Southern Thailand, mainly during June and July 2013.
In August, all of the involved countries reached an agreement to prevent land and forest fires that are causing transboundary haze pollution with the hope to achieve a haze-free Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) by the year 2020. [54]
The aim of the Convention is that Parties shall endeavour to limit and, as far as possible, gradually reduce and prevent air pollution including long-range transboundary air pollution. Parties develop policies and strategies to combat the discharge of air pollutants through exchanges of information, consultation, research and monitoring.
The Agreement recognises that transboundary haze pollution which results from land and/or forest fires should be mitigated through concerted national efforts and international co-operation. As of September 2014, all ten ASEAN countries have ratified the haze agreement.