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The three Royal Houses of Wales' regions were first divided by Rhodri the Great in the 9th century. Of his children, two of King's sons began royal dynasties. Anarawd reigned in Gwynedd , and Cadell founded Deheubarth , then another son Merfyn reigned in Powys (Mathrafal emerged as a cadet branch of Dinefwr in the 11th century). [136] [149]
Some modern authors have applied to Gruffydd the title of King of Wales. "In 1055 he conquered Deheubarth as well, thus becoming in effect King of Wales". [4] The later Brut y Tywysogion described him as being "the head and shield of the Britons". [3] [5] John of Worcester referred to him, several decades later, as Rex Walensium, King of the ...
This is the family tree of the kings of the respective Welsh medieval kingdoms of Gwynedd, Deheubarth and Powys, and some of their more prominent relatives and heirs as the direct male line descendants of Cunedda Wledig of Gwynedd (401 – 1283), and Gwrtheyrn of Powys (c. 5th century – 1160), then also the separate Welsh kingdoms and petty kingdoms, and then eventually Powys Fadog until the ...
The earliest known item of human remains discovered in modern-day Wales is a Neanderthal jawbone, found at the Bontnewydd Palaeolithic site in the valley of the River Elwy in North Wales; it dates from about 230,000 years before present (BP) in the Lower Palaeolithic period, [1] and from then, there have been skeletal remains found of the Paleolithic Age man in multiple regions of Wales ...
Lists of ancient kings are organized by region and peoples, and include kings recorded in ancient history (3000 BC ... List of rulers of Wales.
Wales in the early Middle Ages was a society with a landed warrior aristocracy, [45] and after c. 500 Welsh politics were dominated by kings with territorial kingdoms. [46] The legitimacy of the kingship was of paramount importance, [ 47 ] the legitimate attainment of power was by dynastic inheritance or military proficiency. [ 48 ]
The kingdom of Gruffydd ap Llywelyn—the King of Wales from 1055 to 1063—was shattered by a Saxon invasion in 1063 just prior to the Norman invasion of Wales, but the House of Aberffraw restored by Gruffudd ap Cynan slowly recovered and Llywelyn the Great of Gwynedd was able to proclaim the Principality of Wales at the Aberdyfi gathering of ...
King Æthelstan of England asserts authority over the Welsh kings, and fixes the border between England and Wales at the River Wye; [65] this may have been the first time a border dispute (involving the Welsh in the Witangemot) was settled by discussion, rather than by war [64]