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The 2-meter amateur radio band is a portion of the VHF radio spectrum that comprises frequencies stretching from 144 MHz to 148 MHz [1] in International Telecommunication Union region (ITU) Regions 2 (North and South America plus Hawaii) and 3 (Asia and Oceania) [2] [3] and from 144 MHz to 146 MHz in ITU Region 1 (Europe, Africa, and Russia).
[2] Typically a transmitter design includes generation of a carrier signal, which is normally [3] sinusoidal, optionally one or more frequency multiplication stages, a modulator, a power amplifier, and a filter and matching network to connect to an antenna. A very simple transmitter might contain only a continuously running oscillator coupled ...
For instance, if a radio wave passing a given location has a flux of 1 pW / m 2 (10 −12 Watts per square meter) and an antenna has an effective area of 12 m 2, then the antenna would deliver 12 pW of RF power to the receiver (30 microvolts RMS at 75 ohms). Since the receiving antenna is not equally sensitive to signals received from all ...
Antenna directivity is the ratio of maximum radiation intensity (power per unit surface) radiated by the antenna in the maximum direction divided by the intensity radiated by a hypothetical isotropic antenna radiating the same total power as that antenna. For example, a hypothetical antenna which had a radiated pattern of a hemisphere (1/2 ...
Any nominal antenna design using slim singe-conductor wire can equally well be made substituting a "fat" cage for some or all of the antenna segments; the swapping in of "fat" segments provides a small improvement in radiation efficiency and wider resonant bandwidth, and requires only slight shortening of the replaced segments, if any. End folding
Antenna temperature (T ant) is a parameter that describes how much noise an antenna produces in a given environment. Antenna noise temperature is not the physical temperature of the antenna but rather an expression of the available noise power at the antenna flange. Moreover, an antenna does not have an intrinsic "antenna temperature ...
The radiation pattern of a thin wire antenna is easily predictable using antenna modeling.For a straight wire, the radiation pattern can be described by axially symmetric multipole moments with no component along the wire direction; as the length of the wire is increased, higher multipole contributions become more prominent and multiple lobes (maxima) at angles to the antenna axis develop. [4]
The log-periodic is commonly used as a transmitting antenna in high power shortwave broadcasting [15] stations because its broad bandwidth allows a single antenna to transmit on frequencies in multiple bands. The log-periodic zig-zag design with up to 16 sections has been used.