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Allocation of seats by state, as percentage of overall number of representatives in the House, 1789–2020 census. United States congressional apportionment is the process [1] by which seats in the United States House of Representatives are distributed among the 50 states according to the most recent decennial census mandated by the United States Constitution.
Apportionment is the process by which seats in a legislative body are distributed among administrative divisions, such as states or parties, entitled to representation.This page presents the general principles and issues related to apportionment.
Consider the reapportionment following the 2010 U.S. census: after every state is given one seat: The largest value of A 1 corresponds to the largest state, California, which is allocated seat 51. The 52nd seat goes to Texas, the 2nd largest state, because its A 1 priority value is larger than the A n of any other state.
This word was created in reaction to a redrawing of Massachusetts Senate election districts under Governor Elbridge Gerry, later Vice President of the United States. Gerry, who personally disapproved of the practice, signed a bill that redistricted Massachusetts for the benefit of the Democratic-Republican Party.
Reapportionment also affects presidential elections, as each state is guaranteed electoral votes equivalent to the number of representatives and senators representing the state. [ citation needed ] Prior to the 2022 U.S. House elections , each state apportioned more than one representative will draw new congressional districts based on the ...
The Reapportionment Act of 1929 required that the number of seats in the U.S. House of Representatives be kept at a constant 435, and a 1941 act made the reapportionment among the states by population automatic after every decennial census. [3] Reapportionment occurs at the federal level followed by redistricting at the state level.
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Federalist newspapers' editors and others at the time likened the district shape to a salamander, and the word gerrymander was born out of a portmanteau of that word and Governor Gerry's surname. Partisan gerrymandering, which refers to redistricting that favors one political party, has a long tradition in the United States.