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The presence of red blood cells within the cast is always pathological and is strongly indicative of granulomatosis with polyangiitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis, or Goodpasture's syndrome. They can also be associated with renal infarction and subacute bacterial endocarditis. They are a yellowish-brown ...
Albuminuria is a pathological condition wherein the protein albumin is abnormally present in the urine (>30 mg per day). It is a type of proteinuria.Albumin is a major plasma protein (normally circulating in the blood); in healthy people, only trace amounts of it are present in urine, whereas larger amounts occur in the urine of patients with kidney disease.
Urine samples of varying color and clarity from a study on body fluids. The two samples on the left are considered normal. Normally, human urine color is straw-yellow. [1] Urine color other than straw-yellow sometimes reflects an abnormality—an underlying pathological condition—in human beings. [1]
Urine typically has a mild odor, but strong or unusual smells can indicate a problem. A strong ammonia scent could suggest dehydration. A foul or unusual smell could be a sign of a urinary tract ...
The interpretation of urinalysis takes into account the results of physical, chemical and microscopic examination and the person's overall condition. Urine test results should always be interpreted using the reference range provided by the laboratory that performed the test, or using information provided by the test strip/device manufacturer. [136]
Urine may contain pus (a condition known as pyuria) as seen from a person with sepsis due to a urinary tract infection. Lower urinary tract infection is also referred to as a bladder infection. The most common symptoms are burning with urination and having to urinate frequently (or an urge to urinate) in the absence of vaginal discharge and ...
In conditions associated with acidosis, urinary ketones are tested to assess the severity of acidosis and to monitor treatment response. Urine ketones appear before there is any significant increase in blood ketones; [ 11 ] therefore, urine ketone measurement is especially helpful in emergency situations.
Urinalysis - After the patient provides a urine specimen, it is sent to the lab for analysis using a variety of methods including urine dipstick testing and microscopic examination. Because the kidney is responsible for making urine, analyzing the urine directly can provide crucial data that can help the physician diagnose nephritic syndrome. [33]