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Edwin Hardin Sutherland (August 13, 1883 – October 11, 1950) was an American sociologist.He is considered one of the most influential criminologists of the 20th century. He was a sociologist of the symbolic interactionist school of thought and is best known for defining white-collar crime and differential association, a general theory of crime and delinquency.
“This sub-group is referred to as red-collar criminals because they straddle both the white-collar crime arena and, eventually, the violent crime arena. In circumstances where there is the threat of detection, red-collar criminals commit brutal acts of violence to silence the people who have detected their fraud and to prevent further ...
One unique aspect of this theory is that the theory purports to explain more than just juvenile delinquency and crime committed by lower-class individuals. Since crime is understood to be learned behaviour, the theory is also applicable to white-collar, corporate, and organized crime. [2]
Sutherland and Cressey (1978) define white-collar crime as crime committed by persons of high social position in the course of their occupation. [55] The white-collar crime involves people making use of their occupational position to enrich themselves and others illegally, which often causes public harm.
However, corporate crime was not officially recognized as an independent area of study until Edwin Sutherland provided a definition of white collar crime in 1949. Sutherland in 1949, argued to the American Sociological Society the need to expand the boundaries of the study of crime to include the criminal act of respectable individuals in the ...
Commercial crimes, mostly focusing on white-collar crime. Defined as financially motivated, nonviolent crime committed by businesses and government professionals. [1
In the media, White Americans are often stereotyped to be white-collar suburbanites who are middle class or wealthy. [2] The term Chad refers to a handsome, athletic white man who is seen as the most desired by heterosexual women, while the terms Karen or Becky refer to white women who are annoying or aggressive. [3] [4] [5]
Gilbert Lawrence Geis (January 10, 1925 – November 10, 2012) was an American criminologist known for his research on white-collar crime. [3] He is particularly recognized for his paper "The Heavy Electric Equipment Antitrust Case of 1961", originally published in the 1967 book Criminal Behavior Systems: A Typology.