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Dextrocardia (from Latin dextro 'right hand side' and Greek kardia 'heart') is a rare congenital condition in which the apex of the heart is located on the right side of the body, rather than the more typical placement towards the left. [1]
The heart is a muscular organ situated in the mediastinum.It consists of four chambers, four valves, two main arteries (the coronary arteries), and the conduction system. The left and right sides of the heart have different functions: the right side receives de-oxygenated blood through the superior and inferior venae cavae and pumps blood to the lungs through the pulmonary artery, and the left ...
The right coronary artery supplies oxygenated blood to the right atrium, the right ventricle, and the posterior third and inferior end of the interventricular septum. [2] [5] It may also supply 25% to 35% of the left ventricle (LV). [10] There is significant overlap of supply of the coronary arteries. [2]
In relation to the rib cage, the coronary sulcus spans from the medial side of the 3rd left costal cartilage, to the middle of the right 6th costal cartilage. [1] Epicardial fat tends to be concentrated along the coronary sulcus. [4] [5] There are two coronary sulci in the heart, including left and right coronary sulci.
The blockages increase pressure back on the right side of the heart, making the heart work harder. Sometimes pulmonary embolisms, which are rare, don’t have symptoms.
Coronary vessel branches that remain on the surface of the heart and follow the sulci of the heart are called epicardial coronary arteries. [1] The left coronary artery distributes blood to the left side of the heart, the left atrium and ventricle, and the interventricular septum.
The right marginal arteries perfuse the right ventricle and the posterior descending artery perfuses the left ventricular posterior and inferior walls. There is also the conus artery , which is only present in about 45 percent of the human population, and which provides collateral blood flow to the heart when the left anterior descending artery ...
In crocodilians, there is a small opening, the foramen of Panizza, at the base of the arterial trunks and there is some degree of mixing between the blood in each side of the heart, during a dive underwater; [152] [153] thus, only in birds and mammals are the two streams of blood—those to the pulmonary and systemic circulations—permanently ...