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  2. Prisons in Germany - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prisons_in_Germany

    They were Zuchthaus (prison), Gefängnis (prison), Einschließung (jail), Arbeitshaus (workhouse), and Haft (custody). A Zuchthaus was a prison of hard, physically exerting labor, such as breaking rocks, where prisoners had to work, even to the point of collapse. This was repealed by a reform of the penal code, which took effect on March 31, 1970 .

  3. Prison reform - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prison_reform

    Johnny Cash advocated prison reform at his July 1972 meeting with United States President Richard Nixon. Kim Kardashian and President Donald Trump discuss prison reform in May 2018. In the 1800s, Dorothea Dix toured prisons in the U.S. and all over Europe looking at the conditions of the mentally handicapped. Her ideas led to a mushroom effect ...

  4. 2010s in European history - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010s_in_European_history

    His administration passed the Health and Social Care Act and Welfare Reform Act, which introduced large-scale changes to healthcare and welfare. It also enforced stricter immigration policies, [163] introduced reforms to education and oversaw the 2012 London Olympics. It privatised the Royal Mail and legalised same-sex marriage in Great Britain.

  5. First Step Act - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Step_Act

    The First Step Act, formally known as the Formerly Incarcerated Reenter Society Transformed Safely Transitioning Every Person Act, is a bipartisan criminal justice bill passed by the 115th U.S. Congress and signed by President Donald Trump in December 2018. The act enacted several changes in U.S. federal criminal law aimed at reforming federal ...

  6. Prisoners of Profit - The Huffington Post

    projects.huffingtonpost.com/prisoners-of-profit

    Federal prison officials were close to canceling the contract in 1992, according to media accounts at the time, but they said conditions at the facility started to improve after frequent inspections. In a federal lawsuit, one LeMarquis employee, Richard Moore, alleged that he had been severely beaten by another employee – at the direction of ...

  7. International Penal and Penitentiary Foundation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Penal_and...

    The IPPF's members are experts in penal and penitentiary matters from around the world such as judges, officials in the prison system, and academics. The IPPF holds consultative status at the UN Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice, the United Nations Economic and Social Council , and the Council of Europe .

  8. Ruiz v. Estelle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruiz_v._Estelle

    There followed a long period of further litigation in the form of consent decrees, appeals and other legal actions, until a final judgment was rendered in 1992. [1] But problems in enforcement continued, and in 1996 U.S. Congress enacted the Prison Litigation Reform Act (PLRA) to address these issues as well as abuse of the prison litigation process.

  9. His Majesty's Prison Service - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/His_Majesty's_Prison_Service

    Public sector prison officers (historically known as warders), under the Prison Act 1952, have "all the powers, authority, protection and privileges of a constable" whilst acting as such. [ 43 ] Under the Assaults on Emergency Workers (Offences) Act 2018 it is an offence to assault (amongst others) a prison officer and is punishable by up to ...