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The diaphragm of a structure often does double duty as the floor system or roof system in a building, or the deck of a bridge, which simultaneously supports gravity loads. [1] Parts of a diaphragm include: [2] the collector (or membrane), used as a shear panel to carry in-plane shear
The box girders are made of M42 grade concrete. Each girder was prestressed with 16 longitudinal cables, which in turn were prestressed to a force of 2950 kN each. [1] The box girder, which functions as the deck of the bridge and carries the live load, comprises end diaphragm (1,000 millimetres (39 in) thick), which has inspection windows. [9]
When a joint is released, balancing moment occurs to counterbalance the unbalanced moment. The balancing moment is initially the same as the fixed-end moment. This balancing moment is then carried over to the member's other end. The ratio of the carried-over moment at the other end to the fixed-end moment of the initial end is the carryover factor.
Influence lines are important in designing beams and trusses used in bridges, crane rails, conveyor belts, floor girders, and other structures where loads will move along their span. [5] The influence lines show where a load will create the maximum effect for any of the functions studied. Influence lines are both scalar and additive. [5]
In a plate girder bridge, the plate girders are typically I-beams made up from separate structural steel plates (rather than rolled as a single cross-section), which are welded or, in older bridges, bolted or riveted together to form the vertical web and horizontal flanges of the beam. In some cases, the plate girders may be formed in a Z-shape ...
As part of a construction project, a girder twisted, sagged, and fell onto I-70. An SUV was driving eastbound and struck the fallen girder; the top of the vehicle was torn off and the three passengers died instantly. [58] 3 killed, 0 injured Girder collapse Mungo Bridge [59] Cameroon: 1 July 2004: Steel girder for road traffic Partial collapse
Earthquake engineering is an interdisciplinary branch of engineering that designs and analyzes structures, such as buildings and bridges, with earthquakes in mind. Its overall goal is to make such structures more resistant to earthquakes.
A rolled steel girder is a girder that has been fabricated by rolling a blank cylinder of steel through a series of dies to create the desired shape. These create standardized I-beam and wide flange beam [7] shapes up to 100 feet in length. A plate girder is a girder that has been fabricated by welding plates together to create the desired ...