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Maryland was a border state, straddling the North and South. As in Virginia and Delaware, some planters in Maryland had freed their slaves in the years after the Revolutionary War. By 1860 Maryland's free black population comprised 49.1% of the total of African Americans in the state. [4]
The Native Americans in Maryland were a peaceful people who welcomed the English. At the time of the founding of the Maryland colony, approximately forty tribes consisting of 8,000 – 10,000 people lived in the area. They were fearful of the colonists' guns, but welcomed trade for metal tools.
As one of the original Thirteen Colonies, Maryland was founded by George Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore, a Catholic convert [13] [14] who sought to provide a religious haven for Catholics persecuted in England. [15] In 1632, Charles I of England granted Lord Baltimore a colonial charter, naming the colony after his wife, Henrietta Maria. [16]
St. Mary's City is the historic site of the founding of the Colony of Maryland—then called the Province of Maryland—where it served as the colonial capital from 1634 until 1695. [8] [9] The original settlement is the fourth oldest permanent English settlement in the United States. [10]
The Province of Maryland. The Province of Maryland was a proprietary colony, in the hands of the Calvert family, who held it from 1633 to 1689, and again from 1715 to 1776. George Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore (1580–1632) is often regarded as the founder of Maryland, but he died before the colony could be organized. Thus the colonial ...
A painting of Cecil Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore.. The Province of Maryland was founded by Cecil Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore in 1634. Like his father George Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore, who had originated the efforts that led to the colony's charter, he was Catholic at a time when the Kingdom of England was dominated by the Church of England. [2]
In the period following Oliver Cromwell's fall in England, the colony grew and transitioned to a slave economy. It saw the beginnings of industry and urbanization. At the turn of the eighteenth century, King William's War (1689–1697) and Queen Anne's War (1702–1714) brought Maryland into depression again as European demand for tobacco decreased sharply.
Cecil Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore (8 August 1605 – 30 November 1675) was an English peer, politician, and lawyer who was the first proprietor of Maryland.Born in Kent, England in 1605, he inherited the proprietorship of overseas colonies in Avalon (Newfoundland) (off the eastern coast of the North America continent), along with Maryland after the 1632 death of his father, George Calvert ...