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As OTC instruments, interest rate swaps (IRSs) can be customised in a number of ways and can be structured to meet the specific needs of the counterparties. For example: payment dates could be irregular, the notional of the swap could be amortized over time, reset dates (or fixing dates) of the floating rate could be irregular, mandatory break clauses may be inserted into the contract, etc.
An amortizing swap is usually an interest rate swap in which the notional principal for the interest payments declines during the life of the swap, perhaps at a rate tied to the prepayment of a mortgage or to an interest rate benchmark such as the LIBOR. It is suitable to those customers of banks who want to manage the interest rate risk ...
In recent years, interest rate swaps have become an important component of the fixed-income market. With an interest rate swap, investors will typically exchange or swap a fixed-interest payment ...
A basis swap functions as a floating-floating interest rate swap under which the floating rate payments are referenced to different bases. [1] [2] The existence of a basis arises from demand and supply imbalances and where, for example, a basis is due for a borrower seeking dollars, this is indicative of a synthetic dollar interest rate in the ...
As with interest rate swaps, zero coupon swaps expose users to many different types of financial risk. [1] Predominantly they expose the user to market risks. The value of an interest rate swap will change as market interest rates rise and fall. In market terminology this is often referred to as delta risk.
For example, if the current market rate for a five-year swap is 1.35 percent and the current yield on the five-year Treasury note is 1.33 percent, the five-year swap spread would be 0.02 percentage points, or 2 basis points. [2] [3] Often, fixed income prices will be quoted in "SWAPS +", wherein the swap rate is added to a given number of basis ...
You might be able to hedge this risk of a spike in interest rates by swapping that variable rate of interest for a fixed one. ... The actual cash amount of the interest rates swaps might be 1% of ...
The valuation of swaptions is complicated in that the at-the-money level is the forward swap rate, being the forward rate that would apply between the maturity of the option—time m—and the tenor of the underlying swap such that the swap, at time m, would have an "NPV" of zero; see swap valuation. Moneyness, therefore, is determined based on ...