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Classification of brainstem gliomas by MRI appearance. Histopathology of a brainstem glioma. A brainstem glioma is a cancerous glioma tumor in the brainstem.Around 75% are diagnosed in children and young adults under the age of twenty, but have been known to affect older adults as well. [1]
The symptoms of brain stem tumors vary greatly and can include ataxia, cranial nerve palsy, headaches, problems with speech and swallowing, hearing loss, weakness, hemiparesis, vision abnormalities, ptosis, and behavioral changes. Another possible symptom is vomiting.
Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumour (DNT, DNET) is a type of brain tumor.Most commonly found in the temporal lobe, DNTs have been classified as benign tumours. [1] These are glioneuronal tumours comprising both glial and neuron cells and often have ties to focal cortical dysplasia.
Hemangioblastomas usually occur in adults, yet tumors may appear in VHL syndrome at much younger ages. Men and women are approximately at the same risk. Although they can occur in any section of the central nervous system, they usually occur in either side of the cerebellum, the brain stem or the spinal cord. [2] [7]
Lesion network mapping is a neuroimaging technique that analyzes the connectivity pattern of brain lesions to identify neuroanatomic correlates of symptoms. [1] [2] [3] The technique was developed by Michael D. Fox and Aaron Boes to understand the network anatomy of lesion induced neurologic and psychiatric symptoms that can not be explained by focal anatomic localization.
Standard chemotherapeutic regimens for lymphoma such as CHOP are ineffective in PCNSL, probably due to poor penetration of the agents through the blood brain barrier. [15] Newer treatments, such as high dose chemotherapy combined with autologous stem cell transplant are proving to increase survival by years. [16]
The researchers discovered that people who had high fluctuations in their cholesterol levels had a 60 percent higher risk of developing dementia and a 23 percent greater risk of cognitive decline.
The treatment approach depends on the site, size and symptoms present, as well as the history of hemorrhage from the lesion. [27] Microsurgery is generally preferred if the cerebral cavernous hemangioma is superficial in the central nervous system, or the risk of damage to surrounding tissue from irradiation is too high.