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The integration of phage λ takes place at a special attachment site in the bacterial and phage genomes, called att λ. The sequence of the bacterial att site is called attB, between the gal and bio operons, and consists of the parts B-O-B', whereas the complementary sequence in the circular phage genome is called attP and consists of the parts ...
Cosmids are plasmids that incorporate a segment of bacteriophage λ DNA that has the cohesive end site (cos) which contains elements required for packaging DNA into λ particles. Under apt origin of replication (ori), it can replicate as a plasmid.
BamHI, like other type II restriction endonucleases, often requires divalent metals as cofactors to catalyze DNA cleavage. [2] Two-metal ion mechanism is one of the possible catalytic mechanisms of BamHI since the BamHI crystal structure has the ability to bind two metal ions at the active site, which is suitable for the classical two-metal ion mechanism to proceed.
They contain a cosN site where DNA is nicked at each strand, 12 bp apart, by terminase. This causes linearization of the circular cosmid with two "cohesive" or "sticky ends" of 12bp. (The DNA must be linear to fit into a phage head.) The cosB site holds the terminase while it is
In 1938, Craigie and Yen adapted Vi phages by selective propagation and used them at their critical test dilutions to differentiate 11 types of B. typhosus. [19] In 1943, Felix and Callow extended the method to Salmonella paratyphi B . in 1943 and differentiated 12 types with 11 phages. [ 20 ]
Bacteriophage derived proteins are used for detection and removal of bacteria [2] [3] and bacterial components (especially endotoxin contaminations) in pharmaceutical and biological products, human diagnostics, food, [4] [5] and decolonization of bacteria causing nosocomial infections (e.g. MRSA).
Phage display cycle. 1) fusion proteins for a viral coat protein + the gene to be evolved (typically an antibody fragment) are expressed in bacteriophage. 2) the library of phage are washed over an immobilised target. 3) the remaining high-affinity binders are used to infect bacteria. 4) the genes encoding the high-affinity binders are isolated.
Simultaneously the donor strand is ligated to the target strand after cleavage leaving a single strand overhang on either end of the target sequence. These sites usually contain a 5 to 9 base pair overhang that can create a cohesive end. [10] Transposase then holds the sequence in a crossed formation and ligates the donor strand to the target ...