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An explanation of the superscripts and subscripts seen in atomic number notation. Atomic number is the number of protons, and therefore also the total positive charge, in the atomic nucleus. The atomic number or nuclear charge number (symbol Z) of a chemical element is the charge number of its atomic nucleus.
In atomic physics, a term symbol is an abbreviated description of the total spin and orbital angular momentum quantum numbers of the electrons in a multi-electron atom.So while the word symbol suggests otherwise, it represents an actual value of a physical quantity.
atomic mass number: unitless acceleration: meter per second squared (m/s 2) magnetic flux density also called the magnetic field density or magnetic induction tesla (T), or equivalently, weber per square meter (Wb/m 2) capacitance: farad (F) heat capacity: joule per kelvin (J⋅K −1)
Z = Atomic number = Number of protons ... These equations need to be refined such that the notation is defined as has been done for the previous sets of equations ...
Nuclear reactions may be shown in a form similar to chemical equations, for which invariant mass must balance for each side of the equation, and in which transformations of particles must follow certain conservation laws, such as conservation of charge and baryon number (total atomic mass number). An example of this notation follows:
For example, the atomic mass constant is exactly known when expressed using the dalton (its value is exactly 1 Da), but the kilogram is not exactly known when using these units, the opposite of when expressing the same quantities using the kilogram.
Each distinct atomic number therefore corresponds to a class of atom: these classes are called the chemical elements. [5] The chemical elements are what the periodic table classifies and organizes. Hydrogen is the element with atomic number 1; helium, atomic number 2; lithium, atomic number 3; and so on.
In the context of atomic physics, using the atomic units system can be a convenient shortcut, eliminating symbols and numbers and reducing the order of magnitude of most numbers involved. For example, the Hamiltonian operator in the Schrödinger equation for the helium atom with standard quantities, such as when using SI units, is [2]