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  2. Bioavailability (soil) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioavailability_(soil)

    As the contact time between the contaminant and soil increases, a decrease in bioavailability is observed, termed “ageing”, due to diffusion and sorption processes with mineral and organic fractions of soil. [5] Environmental conditions influence bioavailability. Drought conditions result in lower soil water content. This can reduce the ...

  3. Mineralization (soil science) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralization_(soil_science)

    Mineralization increases the bioavailability of the nutrients that were in the decomposing organic compounds, most notably (because of their quantities) nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur. Whether the decomposition of an organic compound will result in mineralization or immobilization is dependent on its concentration proportionate to that of the ...

  4. Bioavailability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioavailability

    It is commonly a limiting factor in the production of crops (due to solubility limitation or absorption of plant nutrients to soil colloids) and in the removal of toxic substances from the food chain by microorganisms (due to sorption to or partitioning of otherwise degradable substances into inaccessible phases in the environment).

  5. Soil chemistry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_chemistry

    Soil chemistry is the study of the chemical characteristics of soil.Soil chemistry is affected by mineral composition, organic matter and environmental factors. In the early 1870s a consulting chemist to the Royal Agricultural Society in England, named J. Thomas Way, performed many experiments on how soils exchange ions, and is considered the father of soil chemistry. [1]

  6. Soil biology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_biology

    Soil fauna affect soil formation and soil organic matter dynamically on many spatiotemporal scales. [5] Earthworms, ants and termites mix the soil as they burrow, significantly affecting soil formation. Earthworms ingest soil particles and organic residues, enhancing the availability of plant nutrients in the material that passes through and ...

  7. Soil - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil

    Soils supply plants with nutrients, most of which are held in place by particles of clay and organic matter [41] The nutrients may be adsorbed on clay mineral surfaces, bound within clay minerals , or bound within organic compounds as part of the living organisms or dead soil organic matter. These bound nutrients interact with soil water to ...

  8. Soil fertility - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_fertility

    Soil fertility is a complex process that involves the constant cycling of nutrients between organic and inorganic forms. As plant material and animal wastes are decomposed by micro-organisms, they release inorganic nutrients to the soil solution, a process referred to as mineralization. Those nutrients may then undergo further transformations ...

  9. Soil organic matter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_organic_matter

    The benefits of SOM result from several complex, interactive, edaphic factors; a non-exhaustive list of these benefits to soil function includes improvement of soil structure, aggregation, water retention, soil biodiversity, absorption and retention of pollutants, buffering capacity, and the cycling and storage of plant nutrients. SOM increases ...

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