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Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC, informally called afterburn) is a measurably increased rate of oxygen intake following strenuous activity.In historical contexts the term "oxygen debt" was popularized to explain or perhaps attempt to quantify anaerobic energy expenditure, particularly as regards lactic acid/lactate metabolism; [1] in fact, the term "oxygen debt" is still widely ...
Exertional rhabdomyolysis, the exercise-induced muscle breakdown that results in muscle pain/soreness, is commonly diagnosed using the urine myoglobin test accompanied by high levels of creatine kinase (CK). Myoglobin is the protein released into the bloodstream when skeletal muscle is broken down. The urine test simply examines whether ...
The blister beetle is known to distribute a toxin known as cantharidin. This toxin if ingested can cause severe gastrointestinal issues, which if left untreated could cause nephritis. Ingesting ionophores toxins, such as those found in day blooming jasmine, can cause the heart muscle to become inflamed, which can bring about signs of ER. [1]
Biopsies were taken both before and after a six-week-long endurance exercise training program. The exercise consisted of riding a stationary bicycle for one hour five days a week for six weeks. Of the 13,108 genes with detected expression in the muscle biopsies, 641 genes were upregulated after endurance training and 176 genes were downregulated.
In older literature, these toxins are also referred to as scarlatina toxins or scarlet fever toxins due to their role as the causative agents of the disease. [ 2 ] SpeB is known as streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin B , streptopain and streptococcal cysteine proteinase as a result of its original misidentification as two separate toxins, and is ...
Botulinum toxin, or botulinum neurotoxin (commonly called botox), is a neurotoxic protein produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum and related species. [24] It prevents the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine from axon endings at the neuromuscular junction, thus causing flaccid paralysis. [25]
If you’re in need of a pre-exercise snack, though, and all you have on you is your protein—then have at it. “I like the idea of parenthesizing a workout,” says Bonci.
Some bacteria deliver toxins directly from their cytoplasm to the cytoplasm of the target cell through a needle-like structure. The effector proteins injected by the type III secretion apparatus of Yersinia into target cells are one example. Another group of intracellular toxins is the AB toxins.