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  2. Proportional–integral–derivative controller - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proportional–integral...

    A block diagram of a PID controller in a feedback loop. r(t) is the desired process variable (PV) or setpoint (SP), and y(t) is the measured PV. The distinguishing feature of the PID controller is the ability to use the three control terms of proportional, integral and derivative influence on the controller output to apply accurate and optimal ...

  3. Ziegler–Nichols method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziegler–Nichols_method

    The Ziegler–Nichols tuning method is a heuristic method of tuning a PID controller.It was developed by John G. Ziegler and Nathaniel B. Nichols.It is performed by setting the I (integral) and D (derivative) gains to zero.

  4. Classical control theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_control_theory

    PID controllers are the most well established class of control systems: however, they cannot be used in several more complicated cases, especially if multiple-input multiple-output systems (MIMO) systems are considered. Applying Laplace transformation results in the transformed PID controller equation

  5. Closed-loop controller - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closed-loop_controller

    The PID controller is probably the most-used feedback control design. If u(t) is the control signal sent to the system, y(t) is the measured output and r(t) is the desired output, and e(t) = r(t) − y(t) is the tracking error, a PID controller has the general form

  6. Proportional control - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proportional_control

    The proportional control concept is more complex than an on–off control system such as a bi-metallic domestic thermostat, but simpler than a proportional–integral–derivative (PID) control system used in something like an automobile cruise control. On–off control will work where the overall system has a relatively long response time, but ...

  7. Piping and instrumentation diagram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piping_and_instrumentation...

    A Piping and Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID or PID) is a detailed diagram in the process industry which shows process equipment together with the instrumentation and control devices. It is also called as mechanical flow diagram (MFD).

  8. Integral windup - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integral_windup

    Within modern distributed control systems and programmable logic controllers, it is much easier to prevent integral windup by either limiting the controller output, limiting the integral to produce feasible output, [5] or by using external reset feedback, which is a means of feeding back the selected output to the integral circuit of all ...

  9. Setpoint (control system) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Setpoint_(control_system)

    A setpoint can be any physical quantity or parameter that a control system seeks to regulate, such as temperature, pressure, flow rate, position, speed, or any other measurable attribute. In the context of PID controller, the setpoint represents the reference or goal