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  2. Chord (geometry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chord_(geometry)

    Ptolemy used a circle of diameter 120, and gave chord lengths accurate to two sexagesimal (base sixty) digits after the integer part. [2] The chord function is defined geometrically as shown in the picture. The chord of an angle is the length of the chord between two points on a unit circle separated by that central angle.

  3. Circular segment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_segment

    As an example, the area is one quarter the circle when θ ~ 2.31 radians (132.3°) corresponding to a height of ~59.6% and a chord length of ~183% of the radius. [ clarification needed ] Etc.

  4. Great-circle distance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great-circle_distance

    The central angle between the two points can be determined from the chord length. The great circle distance is proportional to the central angle. The great circle chord length, , may be calculated as follows for the corresponding unit sphere, by means of Cartesian subtraction:

  5. Sagitta (geometry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sagitta_(geometry)

    In the following equations, denotes the sagitta (the depth or height of the arc), equals the radius of the circle, and the length of the chord spanning the base of the arc. As 1 2 l {\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{2}}l} and r − s {\displaystyle r-s} are two sides of a right triangle with r {\displaystyle r} as the hypotenuse , the Pythagorean ...

  6. Ptolemy's table of chords - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemy's_table_of_chords

    When the arc reaches 60°, the chord length is exactly equal to the number of degrees in the arc, i.e. chord 60° = 60. For arcs of more than 60°, the chord is less than the arc, until an arc of 180° is reached, when the chord is only 120. The fractional parts of chord lengths were expressed in sexagesimal (base 60) numerals. For example ...

  7. Degree of curvature - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degree_of_curvature

    Where degree of curvature is based on 100 units of arc length, the conversion between degree of curvature and radius is Dr = 18000/π ≈ 5729.57795, where D is degree and r is radius. Since rail routes have very large radii, they are laid out in chords, as the difference to the arc is inconsequential; this made work easier before electronic ...

  8. Circle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circle

    The sagitta (also known as the versine) is a line segment drawn perpendicular to a chord, between the midpoint of that chord and the arc of the circle. Given the length y of a chord and the length x of the sagitta, the Pythagorean theorem can be used to calculate the radius of the unique circle that will fit around the two lines: = +.

  9. Intersecting chords theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intersecting_chords_theorem

    The value of the two products in the chord theorem depends only on the distance of the intersection point S from the circle's center and is called the absolute value of the power of S; more precisely, it can be stated that: | | | | = | | | | = where r is the radius of the circle, and d is the distance between the center of the circle and the ...