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Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (if BSE-infected beef is eaten by humans) Usual onset: 4–5 years after exposure [2] Types: Classic, atypical [1] Causes: A type of prion [3] Risk factors: Feeding contaminated meat and bone meal to cattle: Diagnostic method: Suspected based on symptoms, confirmed by examination of the brain [1] Prevention
Cattle breeds fall into two main types, which are regarded as either two closely related species, or two subspecies of one species. Bos indicus (or Bos taurus indicus ) cattle, commonly called zebu, are adapted to hot climates and originated in the tropical parts of the world such as India, Sub-saharan Africa, China, and Southeast Asia.
In dairy breeds, the disease may occur in calves between birth and 4 months of age. [12] In rustic breeds or beef cattle, heifers and young steers up to 12 months of age can be affected. In calves, muscles in upper portion of the front legs and the hind legs are degraded, causing the animal to have a stiff gait and it may have difficulty standing.
Over four million head of cattle were slaughtered in an effort to contain the outbreak, and 178 people died after contracting vCJD through eating infected beef. A political and public health crisis resulted, and British beef was banned from export to numerous countries around the world, with some bans remaining in place until as late as 2019. [1]
Cow with calf (standing behind her, parts of its body creating the illusion of supernumerary teats "on" the mother). The cattle are generally small, with weights in the range 360–550 kg (800–1200 lb) for bulls and 270–360 kg (600–800 lb) for cows; in the past there was a still smaller or dwarf type within the breed, known as the Guinea, which weighed about 230 kg (500 lb) or less.
The breed's characteristic gene mutation was maintained through linebreeding to the point where the condition was a fixed property in the Belgian Blue breed. [8] In 1978, Belgian Blue cattle were introduced to the United States by Nick Tutt, a farmer from central Canada who emigrated to West Texas and showed the cattle to universities in the ...
[1] [2] The breed was created to combine the characteristics of both animals for beef production. Beefalo are primarily cattle in genetics and appearance, with the breed association defining a full Beefalo as one with three-eighths (37.5%) bison genetics, while animals with higher percentages of bison genetics are called "bison hybrids". [3]
In Italy, the Piedmontese is a dual-purpose breed: the cattle are raised for their milk, which is used in the production of several traditional cheeses of the region, including Castelmagno, Bra, Raschera, and Toma Piemontese; [4] [5] and are also raised for meat, as beef from Piedmontese cattle is seen as a premium product.