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The Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act is a United States federal law passed by the 47th United States Congress and signed into law by President Chester A. Arthur on January 16, 1883. The act mandates that most positions within the federal government should be awarded on the basis of merit instead of political patronage.
The Civil Service Reform Act (called "the Pendleton Act") is an 1883 federal law that created the United States Civil Service Commission. [13] It eventually placed most federal employees on the merit system and marked the end of the so-called "spoils system". [13]
The Pendleton law was passed in part following a public outcry over the assassination of President Garfield. The Pendleton Act renewed funding for the Civil Service Commission and established a three-man commission to run Civil Service whose commissioners were chosen by President Arthur.
In the early 19th century, positions in the federal government were held at the pleasure of the president—a person could be fired at any time. The spoils system meant that jobs were used to support the American political parties, though this was gradually changed by the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act of 1883 and subsequent laws. By 1909 ...
He also enforced the Immigration Act of 1882 to impose more restrictions on immigrants and the Tariff of 1883 to attempt to reduce tariffs. Arthur signed into law the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act of 1883, which came as a surprise to reformers who held a negative reputation of Arthur as a Stalwart and product of Conkling's organization.
Garfield's assassination was instrumental to the passage of the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act on January 16, 1883. Garfield himself had called for civil service reform in his inaugural address [84] and supported it as president in the belief that it would make government more efficient. [85]
The Social Security Fairness Act, one of the most bipartisan bills in Congress this session, aims to repeal WEP and GPO. The House voted to pass the legislation Nov. 12.
The Civil Service system, created by the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act (1883), shifted public service from a spoils system/patronage system to a merit system based on competitive exams and protection against retaliatory firing or demotion [1] but did not provide for any tangible benefits for the new civil service employees.