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Herod I [2] [a] or Herod the Great (c. 72 – c. 4 BCE) was a Roman Jewish client king of the Herodian kingdom of Judea. [3] [4] [5] He is known for his colossal building projects throughout Judea. Among these works are the rebuilding of the Second Temple in Jerusalem and the expansion of its base [6] [7] [8] —the Western Wall being part of it.
A Roman temple was set up on the former site of Herod's Temple for the practice of Roman religion. Historical accounts relate that not only the Jewish Temple was destroyed, but also the entire Lower city of Jerusalem. [54]
Herod Antipas (Greek: Ἡρῴδης Ἀντίπας, Hērṓidēs Antípas; c. 20 BC – c. 39 AD) was a 1st-century ruler of Galilee and Perea.He bore the title of tetrarch ("ruler of a quarter") and is referred to as both "Herod the Tetrarch" [1] and "King Herod" [2] in the New Testament. [3]
The province's formal incorporation into the Roman Empire was enacted by Augustus in 6 CE, following an appeal by the populace against the misrule of Herod's son, Herod Archelaus (r. 4 BCE–6 CE). The administrative capital was relocated from Jerusalem to the coastal city of Caesarea Maritima .
The Herodian Kingdom [1] [2] was a client state of the Roman Republic ruled from 37 to 4 BCE by Herod the Great, who was appointed "King of the Jews" by the Roman Senate. [3] When Herod died, the kingdom was divided among his sons into the Herodian Tetrarchy .
In 63 BCE Pompey and the Roman army arrived in Jerusalem, besieged the Temple and then took it by storm, bringing an end to Jewish sovereignty. In 40 BCE, the Roman Senate granted Herod, Antipater's son, the title of King of Judea. Aided by Roman troops, Herod took Jerusalem from Antigonus II Mattathias, ending Hasmoean rule. [35]
Herod I (Herod the Great, c. 72 – c. 4 BCE), was a Roman client king whose territory included Judea. Upon his death, his kingdom was divided into three, each section ruled by one of his sons. In 6 CE, Emperor Augustus deposed Herod Archelaus, who had ruled the largest section, and converted his territory into the Roman province of Judaea.
The site, along with all of Judea, was awarded by Rome to Herod in 30 BCE. [15] The pagan city underwent vast changes under Herod, who renamed it Caesarea in honour of the Roman emperor, Caesar Augustus. [6] [12] Caesarea was known as the administrative, economic, and cultural capital of the Judean province from this time. [16] The Herodian ...