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The floods inundated low-lying residential areas in Vijayawada and several villages downstream, causing significant damage to infrastructure, homes and agricultural land. [8] Historical data indicates that this flood event surpassed previous records, with only the 2009 and 1998 floods coming close in terms of discharge levels.
The agriculture sector is sensitive to climate variability, [200] especially the inter-annual variability of precipitation, temperature patterns, and extreme weather events (droughts and floods). These climatic events are predicted to increase in the future and are expected to have significant consequences to the agriculture sector. [ 201 ]
The confluence factor is moderate to high, while the form factor is relatively elongated, and the elongation ratio is moderate to high. These characteristics contribute to the river's hydrological dynamics. The Opa River's catchment area covers approximately 110 km 2, encompassing residential quarters, research farms, and rural communities.
These techniques may be used in the identification of flood dynamics, [22] [23] storm characterization, [24] [25] and groundwater flow in karst systems. [26] Regression analysis is used in hydrology to determine whether a relationship may exist between independent and dependent variables.
Research into desertification is complex, and there is no single metric which can define all aspects. However, more intense climate change is still expected to increase the current extent of drylands on the Earth's continents: from 38% in late 20th century to 50% or 56% by the end of the century, under the "moderate" and high-warming ...
National Innovations in Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA) was launched during February 2011 [1] by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) with the funding from the Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India. The mega project has three major objectives of strategic research, technology demonstrations and capacity building.
On the Elbe River near Lenzen (Brandenburg), 420 hectares of floodplain were restored in order to prevent a recurrence of the Elbe floods of 2002. A total of 20 floodplain restoration projects on the Elbe River were envisaged after the 2002 floods, but only two have been implemented as of 2009 according to the environmental group de:BUND. [17]
Flood management describes methods used to reduce or prevent the detrimental effects of flood waters. Flooding can be caused by a mix of both natural processes, such as extreme weather upstream, and human changes to waterbodies and runoff. Flood management methods can be either of the structural type (i.e. flood control) and of the non ...