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Pupils at Carlisle Indian Industrial School, Pennsylvania, c. 1900. American Indian boarding schools, also known more recently as American Indian residential schools, were established in the United States from the mid-17th to the early 20th centuries with a primary objective of "civilizing" or assimilating Native American children and youth into Anglo-American culture.
In addition, boarding schools and their outing programs limited Native American women's work skills so that, for many, becoming servants in white homes was the only choice of work they had when they returned from boarding schools to their reservations.
Albuquerque Indian School (AIS) was a Native American boarding school in Albuquerque, New Mexico, which operated from 1881 to 1981. It was one of the oldest and largest off-reservation boarding schools in the United States. [2] For most of its history it was run by the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA).
The U.S. ran more than 400 boarding schools aimed at assimilating Native American children, and at least 973 children died at the schools.
The U.S. Department of the Interior recently released the second volume of its boarding school initiative report, which documents the history of 417 federal Indian boarding schools and over 1000 ...
Between 1879 and 1918, over 10,000 Native American students from 140 tribes attended Carlisle Indian Industrial School. [6] Lieutenant Pratt and Southern Plains veterans of the Red River War at Fort Marion in St. Petersburg, Florida in 1875; several of these veterans later attended Carlisle Industrial School Richard Henry Pratt with a young student
Nearly half a dozen such schools operated in California, taking Native American children from their families and purging them of everything that made them Indian. The program officially ended in 1969.
A closer look at the federal boarding school system: 150 years of forced assimilation. Congress laid the framework for a nationwide boarding school system for Native Americans in 1819 under the 5th U.S. President, James Monroe, with legislation known as the Indian Civilization Act. It was purportedly aimed at stopping the “final extinction of ...