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Avian infectious bronchitis (IB) is an acute and highly contagious respiratory disease of chickens.The disease is caused by avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), a coronavirus (Coronaviridae, Orthocoronavirinae, genus Gammacoronavirus, subgenus Igacovirus), [1] and characterized by respiratory signs including gasping, coughing, sneezing, tracheal rales, and nasal discharge.
This disease affects the upper respiratory tract as well as the reproductive tract of cattle, and is commonly found in feedlots across North America. [2] Clinical symptoms include fever, serous to mucopurulent nasal discharge, coughing, sneezing, difficulty breathing, conjunctivitis and loss of appetite. Ulcers commonly occur in the mouth and nose.
It causes chronic respiratory disease (CRD) in chickens and infectious sinusitis in turkeys, chickens, game birds, pigeons, and passerine birds of all ages. [1] [2] Mycoplasma gallisepticum is a significant pathogen in poultry. Mycoplasmosis is the disease caused by infection with mycoplasmas. Mycoplasmas have many defining characteristics.
Of 40 tests conducted nationally on people for highly pathogenic H5 avian influenza, 35 were done on Michigan farmworkers.
Respiratory symptoms have often been seen in prior human bird flu infections. The first two U.S. workers known to be infected during this outbreak only reported symptoms of conjunctivitis, or pink ...
As bird flu infections rise in dairy cattle and chickens, human cases are ticking up too, leaving many people to wonder whether they might be at risk from this recently arrived virus. Bird flu ...
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the most common and economically devastating infectious disease affecting beef cattle in the world. [1] It is a complex, bacterial or viral infection that causes pneumonia in calves which can be fatal. It also affects many other species of feedlot animals like sheep and pigs, but is most prominent in calves. [2]
It causes avian infectious bronchitis, a highly infectious disease that affects the respiratory tract, gut, kidney and reproductive system. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] IBV affects the performance of both meat-producing and egg-producing chickens and is responsible for substantial economic loss within the poultry industry. [ 6 ]