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In psychology and cognitive science, a memory bias is a cognitive bias that either enhances or impairs the recall of a memory (either the chances that the memory will be recalled at all, or the amount of time it takes for it to be recalled, or both), or that alters the content of a reported memory. There are many types of memory bias, including:
The Cognitive Bias Codex. A cognitive bias is a systematic pattern of deviation from norm or rationality in judgment. [1] Individuals create their own "subjective reality" from their perception of the input. An individual's construction of reality, not the objective input, may dictate their behavior in the world.
Trait ascription and the cognitive bias associated with it have been a topic of active research for more than three decades. [2] [3] Like many other cognitive biases, trait ascription bias is supported by a substantial body of experimental research and has been explained in terms of numerous theoretical frameworks originating in various disciplines.
Hostile attribution bias (HAB) has been defined as an interpretive bias wherein individuals exhibit a tendency to interpret others' ambiguous behaviors as hostile, rather than benign. [7] [8] For example, if a child witnesses two other children whispering, they may assume that the children are talking negatively about them. In this case, the ...
It is unclear if the word-learning constraints are specific to the domain of language, or if they apply to other cognitive domains. Evidence suggests that the whole object assumption is a result of an object's tangibility; children assume a label refers to a whole object because the object is more salient than its properties or functions. [7]
Narrative bias, also known as narrative information bias, is a cognitive bias that skews perceptions towards information contained in individual narratives, ...
An emotional bias is a distortion in cognition and decision making due to emotional factors. For example, a person might be inclined: to attribute negative judgements to neutral events or objects; [1] [2] to believe something that has a positive emotional effect, that gives a pleasant feeling, even if there is evidence to the contrary;
In other words, research has shown that people are surprisingly poor "intuitive psychologists" and that our social judgments are often inaccurate. [10] This finding helped to lay the groundwork for an understanding of biased processing and inaccurate social perception. The false-consensus effect is just one example of such an inaccuracy. [12]