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Structure of Co(SCN) 2 (H 2 O) 3. The structures of Co(SCN) 2 and its hydrate Co(SCN) 2 (H 2 O) 3 have been determined using X-ray crystallography. [1] Co(SCN) 2 forms infinite 2D sheets in the mercury(II) thiocyanate structure type, where as Co(SCN) 2 (H 2 O) 3 consists of isolated tetrahedral Co(SCN) 2 (H 2 O) 2 centers and one equivalent of water of crystallization.
In biology, evolution is the process of change in all forms of life over generations, and evolutionary biology is the study of how evolution occurs. Biological populations evolve through genetic changes that correspond to changes in the organisms' observable traits.
Professor of biology Jerry Coyne sums up biological evolution succinctly: [3]. Life on Earth evolved gradually beginning with one primitive species – perhaps a self-replicating molecule – that lived more than 3.5 billion years ago; it then branched out over time, throwing off many new and diverse species; and the mechanism for most (but not all) of evolutionary change is natural selection.
Recurring cultural, political, and theological rejection of evolution by religious groups [a] exists regarding the origins of the Earth, of humanity, and of other life. In accordance with creationism, species were once widely believed to be fixed products of divine creation, but since the mid-19th century, evolution by natural selection has been established by the scientific community as an ...
Systematic biology (hereafter called simply systematics) is the field that (a) provides scientific names for organisms, (b) describes them, (c) preserves collections of them, (d) provides classifications for the organisms, keys for their identification, and data on their distributions, (e) investigates their evolutionary histories, and (f ...
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The study of their fossils has facilitated important contributions to biostratigraphy, paleontology, evolutionary biology, and plate tectonics. Trilobites are placed within the clade Artiopoda , which includes many organisms that are morphologically similar to trilobites, but are largely unmineralised.