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The Three-anti Campaign (1951) and Five-anti Campaign (1952) (Chinese: 三反五反; pinyin: sān fǎn wǔ fǎn) were reform movements originally issued by Mao Zedong a few years after the founding of the People's Republic of China in an effort to rid Chinese cities of corruption and enemies of the state.
Mao Zedong [a] (26 December 1893 – 9 September 1976), also known as Chairman Mao, was a Chinese politician, revolutionary, and political theorist who founded the People's Republic of China (PRC) and led the country from its establishment in 1949 until his death in 1976.
Mao also discussed frugality and productivity in the economic development of China, writing, "It is a great contradiction for all cadres and all people to always think of our country as a big socialist country, but also a poor country with economic backwardness. To make our country prosperous and strong, it will take decades of frugal ...
Administering several provinces in the southwest, Deng proved so zealous in killing alleged counter-revolutionaries that even the chairman felt obliged to write to him. Mao urged Deng Xiaoping to slow down the campaign's body count, saying: If we kill too many, we will forfeit public sympathy and a shortage of labor power will arise. —
The 1978 Truth Criterion Controversy (Chinese: 真理标准大讨论; lit. 'Debate on Standards for Judging the Truth'), also known as the 1978 Truth Criterion Discussion, sometimes referred to as the First Great Debate (Chinese: 第一次大争论) in contemporary China, was a sociopolitical debate around 1978, mainly revolving around Hua Guofeng's "Two Whatevers" and Deng Xiaoping's "Reform ...
On Contradiction, along with Mao's text On Practice, elevated Mao's reputation as a Marxist theoretician. [ 12 ] : 37 It became a foundational text of Mao Zedong Thought . [ 4 ] : 9 After Mao was celebrated in the Eastern Bloc following China's intervention in the Korean War , both texts became widely read in the USSR.
The number of people killed under Mao's rule in the People's Republic of China has been estimated at 19.5 million by Wang Weizhi, [121] 27 million by John Heidenrich, [122] between 38 and 67 million by Kurt Glaser and Stephan Possony, [123] between 32 and 59 million by Robert L. Walker, [124] over 50 million by Rosefielde, [117] 65 million by ...
Under Mao's regime, some argue that China ended its "Century of Humiliation" and resumed its status as a major power on the international stage. Mao also industrialized China to a considerable extent and ensured China's sovereignty during his rule. In addition, Mao tried to abolish Confucianist and feudal norms. [37]