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(A) When the host cell is only infected by a giant virus, the latter establishes a cytoplasmic virus factory to replicate and generates new virions, and the host cell is most likely lysed at the end of its replication cycle. (B) When the host cell is co-infected with a giant virus and its virophage, the latter parasitizes the giant virus factory.
Phage therapy, viral phage therapy, or phagotherapy is the therapeutic use of bacteriophages for the treatment of pathogenic bacterial infections. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] This therapeutic approach emerged at the beginning of the 20th century but was progressively replaced by the use of antibiotics in most parts of the world after the Second World War .
Virus factors encoded in the genome often control the tropism, routes of virus entry, shedding and transmission. In polioviruses, the attenuating point mutations are thought to induce a replication and translation defect to reduce the virus' ability of cross-linking to host cells and replicate within the nervous system.
Phaeocystis globosa virus virophage, or PgVV, or Preplasmiviricota sp. Gezel-14T, [1] is a polinton-like virus, which are small DNA viruses that are found integrated in protist genomes. Similar to virophages , PgVV requires a helper virus to replicate .
Vaccines are another method of virotherapy that use attenuated or inactivated viruses to develop immunity to disease. An attenuated virus is a weakened virus that incites a natural immune response in the host that is often undetectable. The host also develops potentially life-long immunity due to the attenuated virus's similarity to the actual ...
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