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Triiodothyronine, also known as T 3, is a thyroid hormone. It affects almost every physiological process in the body, including growth and development, metabolism, body temperature, and heart rate. [1] Production of T 3 and its prohormone thyroxine (T 4) is activated by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), which is released from the anterior ...
Thyroid hormone leads to heat generation in humans. However, the thyronamines function via some unknown mechanism to inhibit neuronal activity; this plays an important role in the hibernation cycles of mammals and the moulting behaviour of birds. One effect of administering the thyronamines is a severe drop in body temperature.
TSH (with a half-life of about an hour) stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete the hormone thyroxine (T 4), which has only a slight effect on metabolism. T 4 is converted to triiodothyronine (T 3), which is the active hormone that stimulates metabolism. About 80% of this conversion is in the liver and other organs, and 20% in the thyroid ...
T3 and TSH are essential for regulation of cardiac electrical activity. [42] Prolonged ventricular repolarization and atrial fibrillation are often seen in hypothyroidism. [42] The thyroid gland is the only source of thyroid hormone in the body; the process requires iodine and the amino acid tyrosine.
Liothyronine is the most potent form of thyroid hormone. As a salt of triiodothyronine (T 3), it is chemically similar and pharmacologically equivalent to T 3. As such, it acts on the body to increase the basal metabolic rate, affect protein synthesis and increase the body's sensitivity to catecholamines (such as adrenaline) by permissiveness.
Triiodothyronine: T 3: Amino acid derivative peripheral tissue of thyroid gland: Thyroid follicular cell / Tyrosine: thyroid hormone receptor: nearly every cell in the body increased metabolism 5 Thyroxine: T 4: Amino acid derivative thyroid gland: Thyroid follicular cell / Tyrosine: thyroid hormone receptor: nearly every cell in the body
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The increase in kidney clearance during pregnancy causes more iodide to be excreted and causes relative iodine deficiency and as a result an increase in thyroid size. Estrogen-stimulated increase in thyroid-binding globulin (TBG) leads to an increase in total thyroxine (T4), but free thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) remain normal. [5]
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