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In engineering, science, and statistics, replication is the process of repeating a study or experiment under the same or similar conditions. It is a crucial step to test the original claim and confirm or reject the accuracy of results as well as for identifying and correcting the flaws in the original experiment. [1]
A replication experiment to demonstrate that the same findings can be obtained in any other place by any other researcher is conceived as an operationalization of objectivity. It is the proof that the experiment reflects knowledge that can be separated from the specific circumstances (such as time, place, or persons) under which it was gained. [11]
Reproducibility, closely related to replicability and repeatability, is a major principle underpinning the scientific method.For the findings of a study to be reproducible means that results obtained by an experiment or an observational study or in a statistical analysis of a data set should be achieved again with a high degree of reliability when the study is replicated.
When we repeat an experiment, as the saying goes, we really perform another experiment with a (more or less) similar set of generating conditions. To say that a set of generating conditions has propensity p of producing the outcome E means that those exact conditions, if repeated indefinitely, would produce an outcome sequence in which E ...
Scientific laws or laws of science are statements, based on repeated experiments or observations, that describe or predict a range of natural phenomena. [1] The term law has diverse usage in many cases (approximate, accurate, broad, or narrow) across all fields of natural science (physics, chemistry, astronomy, geoscience, biology).
For example, experiments in which each condition takes only a few minutes, whereas the training to complete the tasks take as much, if not more time. Longitudinal analysis—Repeated measure designs allow researchers to monitor how participants change over time, both long- and short-term situations.
This example of design experiments is attributed to Harold Hotelling, building on examples from Frank Yates. [22] [23] [15] The experiments designed in this example involve combinatorial designs. [24] Weights of eight objects are measured using a pan balance and set of standard weights. Each weighing measures the weight difference between ...
Einstein's version of the experiment [15] presumed that one observer was sitting midway inside a speeding traincar and another was standing on a platform as the train moved past. As measured by the standing observer, the train is struck by two bolts of lightning simultaneously, but at different positions along the axis of train movement (back ...