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Grice's paradox: Shows that the exact meaning of statements involving conditionals and probabilities is more complicated than may be obvious on casual examination. Intransitive dice : One can have three dice, called A, B, and C, such that A is likely to win in a roll against B, B is likely to win in a roll against C, and C is likely to win in a ...
A paradox is a logically self-contradictory statement or a statement that runs contrary to one's expectation. [1] [2] It is a statement that, despite apparently valid reasoning from true or apparently true premises, leads to a seemingly self-contradictory or a logically unacceptable conclusion.
Quine's paradox is a paradox concerning truth values, stated by Willard Van Orman Quine. [1] It is related to the liar paradox as a problem, and it purports to show that a sentence can be paradoxical even if it is not self-referring and does not use demonstratives or indexicals (i.e. it does not explicitly refer to itself).
Per se may refer to: per se, a Latin phrase meaning "by itself" or "in itself". Illegal per se, the legal usage in criminal and antitrust law;
A common example is negligence per se. See also malum in se. per stirpes: through the roots: Used in wills to indicate that each "branch" of the testator's family should inherit equally. Contrasted with per capita. per unitatem vis: through unity, strength: Motto of Texas A&M University Corps of Cadets: per veritatem vis: through truth, strength
Critical theorist Jürgen Habermas (1985) accused structuralists like Foucault of being positivists; Foucault, while not an ordinary positivist per se, paradoxically uses the tools of science to criticize science, according to Habermas. [29] (See Performative contradiction and Foucault–Habermas debate.)
A number of cases have subsequently raised doubts about the validity of the illegal per se rule. Under modern Antitrust theories, the traditionally illegal per se categories create more of a presumption of unreasonableness. [1] The court carefully narrowed the per se treatment and began issuing guidelines.
Peirce regarded logic per se as a division of philosophy, as a normative science based on esthetics and ethics, as more basic than metaphysics, [118] and as "the art of devising methods of research". [142] More generally, as inference, "logic is rooted in the social principle", since inference depends on a standpoint that, in a sense, is ...