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Fertilization of the ovum to form a new human organism, the human zygote. (day 1 of fertilization [1]) The zygote undergoes mitotic cellular divisions, but does not increase in size. This mitosis is also known as cleavage. A hollow cavity forms marking the blastocyst stage. (day 1.5–3 of fertilization. [1])
Different terms are used to describe prenatal development, meaning development before birth. A term with the same meaning is the "antepartum" (from Latin ante "before" and parere "to give birth") Sometimes "antepartum" is however used to denote the period between the 24th/26th week of gestational age until birth, for example in antepartum ...
In obstetrics a trial of labour is the conduction of spontaneous labour in a moderate degree of cephalopelvic disproportion. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is performed under close observation by an obstetrician in order to assess a woman's chances of a successful vaginal birth. [ 3 ]
Preterm birth is the birth of an infant at fewer than 37 weeks gestational age. Globally, about 15 million infants were born before 37 weeks of gestation. [147] Premature birth is the leading cause of death in children under five years of age though many that survive experience disabilities including learning defects and visual and hearing ...
The limit of viability is the gestational age at which a prematurely born fetus/infant has a 50% chance of long-term survival outside its mother's womb. With the support of neonatal intensive care units, the limit of viability in the developed world has declined since the 1960s. [33] [34]
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It is also suggested that a birth plan be written at this time. A birth plan is a written statement that outlines the desires of the mother during labor and delivery of the baby. Discussing the birth plan with the midwife or other care provider gives parents a chance to ask questions and learn more about the process of labour. [149]
[2] [3] A trial of vaginal birth after C-section may be possible. [2] The World Health Organization recommends that caesarean section be performed only when medically necessary. [3] [4] A C-section typically takes 45 minutes to an hour. [2] It may be done with a spinal block, where the woman is awake, or under general anesthesia. [2]