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Multiplication table from 1 to 10 drawn to scale with the upper-right half labeled with prime factorisations. In mathematics, a multiplication table (sometimes, less formally, a times table) is a mathematical table used to define a multiplication operation for an algebraic system.
The following table lists many specialized symbols commonly used in modern mathematics, ordered by their introduction date. The table can also be ordered alphabetically by clicking on the relevant header title.
The association of the Neopythagoreans with the Western invention of the multiplication table is evident in its later Medieval name: the mensa Pythagorica. [51] Plato (428/427 BC – 348/347 BC) is important in the history of mathematics for inspiring and guiding others. [52]
William Oughtred (5 March 1574 – 30 June 1660), [1] also Owtred, Uhtred, etc., was an English mathematician and Anglican clergyman. [2] [3] [4] After John Napier discovered logarithms and Edmund Gunter created the logarithmic scales (lines, or rules) upon which slide rules are based, Oughtred was the first to use two such scales sliding by one another to perform direct multiplication and ...
He invented a well-known mathematical artefact, the ingenious numbering rods more quaintly known as "Napier's bones", [9] that offered mechanical means for facilitating computation. In addition, Napier recognized the potential of the recent developments in mathematics, particularly those of prosthaphaeresis , decimal fractions, and symbolic ...
The History of Mathematical Tables: from Sumer to Spreadsheets is an edited volume in the history of mathematics on mathematical tables.It was edited by Martin Campbell-Kelly, Mary Croarken, Raymond Flood, and Eleanor Robson, developed out of the presentations at a conference on the subject organised in 2001 by the British Society for the History of Mathematics, [1] [2] and published in 2003 ...
The Babylonians sometime in 2000–1600 BC may have invented the quarter square multiplication algorithm to multiply two numbers using only addition, subtraction and a table of quarter squares. [18] [19] Thus, such a table served a similar purpose to tables of logarithms, which also allow multiplication to be calculated using addition and table ...
The first tables of trigonometric functions known to be made were by Hipparchus (c.190 – c.120 BCE) and Menelaus (c.70–140 CE), but both have been lost. Along with the surviving table of Ptolemy (c. 90 – c.168 CE), they were all tables of chords and not of half-chords, that is, the sine function. [1]