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Some rust species form perennial systemic infections that may cause plant deformities such as growth retardation, witch's broom, stem canker, galls, or hypertrophy of affected plant parts. Rusts get their name because they are most commonly observed as deposits of powdery rust -coloured or brown spores on plant surfaces.
Numerous single genes for leaf rust resistance have since been identified. Leaf rust resistance gene is an effective adult-plant resistance gene that increases resistance of plants against P. recondita f.sp. tritici (UVPrt2 or UVPrt13) infections, especially when combined with genes Lr13 and gene Lr34 (Kloppers & Pretorius, 1997 [3]).
The gene-for-gene theory was put forward by the plant pathologist, Harold Henry Flor. [2] [3] [4] Flor explained how pathogenic genes and resistance genes worked together to control disease development in plants. He specifically worked with the rust fungus, Melampsora lini, and the flax host, Linum usitatissimum.
In the 1950s zineb and mancozeb were developed as the primary means to control rust. Zineb reduced infection by 85% and mancozeb by 97% . [38] [39] By 1989 EBDC fungicides had become the most common fungicidal means to control rust on asparagus. However, after the EPA almost cancelled the use of EBDCs on asparagus many processors decided they ...
The stem rust fungus attacks the parts of the plant that are above ground. Spores that land on green wheat plants form a pustule that invades the outer layers of the stalk. [7] Infected plants produce fewer tillers and set fewer seed, and in cases of severe infection the plant may die. Infection can reduce what is an apparently healthy crop ...
Austropuccinia is a monotypic genus of rust (a type of plant pathogen) native to South America with the only species Austropuccinia psidii, commonly known as myrtle rust, guava rust, or ʻōhiʻa rust. It affects plants in the family Myrtaceae. It is a member of the fungal complex called the guava rust (Puccinia psidii) group. [3]
Puccinia asparagi is the causative agent of asparagus rust.It is an autoecious fungus, meaning that all stages of its life cycle – pycniospores, aeciospores, and teliospores – all develop upon the same host plant [1] [2] [3]. [4]
Genetic control consists of planting rust-resistant hybrid varieties. [ 8 ] Chemical management can be applied using fungicides on both oilseed and confection type sunflowers and is most effective during the (R5) flowering stage or when the disease severity reaches 1% on the upper four, fully expanded leaves.
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