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Chemistry. [edit] Melatonin, also known as N -acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine, is a substituted tryptamine and a derivative of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine). It is structurally related to N-acetylserotonin (normelatonin; N -acetyl-5-hydroxytryptamine), which is the chemical intermediate between serotonin and melatonin in the body.
5-HTP is produced from the amino acid tryptophan through the action of the enzyme tryptophan hydroxylase. Tryptophan hydroxylase is one of the biopterin-dependent aromatic amino acid hydroxylases. Production of 5-HTP is the rate-limiting step in 5-HT (serotonin) synthesis. 5-HTP is normally rapidly converted to 5-HT by amino acid decarboxylase ...
Tryptophan. Soluble in hot alcohol, alkali hydroxides; insoluble in chloroform. Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Tryptophan (symbol Trp or W) [3] is an α- amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.
“Tryptophan can become serotonin — the brain chemical that calms, causes sleep, among other things — if the right enzymes are around to do so,” she notes.
Treatment. Cognitive behavioral therapy, caffeine (to induce alertness), sleeping pills. Sleep deprivation, also known as sleep insufficiency[2] or sleeplessness, is the condition of not having adequate duration and/or quality of sleep to support decent alertness, performance, and health. It can be either chronic or acute and may vary widely in ...
Agomelatine, sold under the brand names Valdoxan and Thymanax, among others, is an atypical antidepressant most commonly used to treat major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder. [7] One review found that it is as effective as other antidepressants with similar discontinuation rates overall but fewer discontinuations due to side ...
Delayed sleep phase disorder (DSPD), more often known as delayed sleep phase syndrome and also as delayed sleep–wake phase disorder, is the delaying of a person's circadian rhythm (biological clock) compared to those of societal norms. The disorder affects the timing of biological rhythms including sleep, peak period of alertness, core body ...
Sleep cycle. The sleep cycle is an oscillation between the slow-wave and REM (paradoxical) phases of sleep. It is sometimes called the ultradian sleep cycle, sleep–dream cycle, or REM-NREM cycle, to distinguish it from the circadian alternation between sleep and wakefulness. In humans, this cycle takes 70 to 110 minutes (90 ± 20 minutes). [1]
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