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Basic diagram of a hollow-cathode lamp Hollow-cathode lamps from an atomic absorption spectrometer. A hollow-cathode lamp (HCL) is type of cold cathode lamp used in physics and chemistry as a spectral line source (e.g. for atomic absorption spectrometers) and as a frequency tuner for light sources such as lasers.
A duoplasmatron is a type of glow discharge ion source that consists of a hot cathode or cold cathode that produces a plasma that is used to ionize a gas. [ 1 ] [ 22 ] THey can produce positive or negative ions. [ 23 ]
In this method N 2 and water vapor are introduced into the hollow cathode ion source and by adjusting electric fields and pressures NH 4 + can be produced at the same or even higher purity levels than H 3 O +.
Hollow cathode lamps (HCL) are the most common radiation source in LS AAS. [citation needed] Inside the sealed lamp, filled with argon or neon gas at low pressure, is a cylindrical metal cathode containing the element of interest and an anode. A high voltage is applied across the anode and cathode, resulting in an ionization of the fill gas.
A set of cold cathode discharge tubes. A cold cathode [1] is a cathode that is not electrically heated by a filament. [note 1] A cathode may be considered "cold" if it emits more electrons than can be supplied by thermionic emission alone. It is used in gas-discharge lamps, such as neon lamps, discharge tubes, and some types of vacuum tube.
The hollow cathode effect allows electrical conduction at a lower voltage or with more current in a cold-cathode gas-discharge lamp when the cathode is a conductive tube open at one end than a similar lamp with a flat cathode. [1] The hollow cathode effect was recognized by Friedrich Paschen in 1916. [2] In a hollow cathode, the electron ...
Illustration of a Duoplasmatron. The Duoplasmatron is an ion source in which a cathode filament emits electrons into a vacuum chamber. [1] A gas such as argon is introduced in very small quantities into the chamber, where it becomes charged or ionized through interactions with the free electrons from the cathode, forming a plasma.
The Penning source is a low gas pressure, cold cathode ion source which utilizes crossed electric and magnetic fields. The ion source anode is at a positive potential, either dc or pulsed, with respect to the source cathode. The ion source voltage is normally between 2 and 7 kilovolts.