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For similar reasons, a technique called trace necking reduces (or necks down [7] [8] [9]) the width of a trace that approaches a narrower pad of a surface-mounted device or a through-hole with a diameter that is less than the width of the trace, or when the trace passes through bottlenecks (for example, between the pads of a component).
Reverse engineering of printed circuit boards (sometimes called “cloning”, or PCB RE) is the process of generating fabrication and design data for an existing circuit board, either closely or exactly replicating its functionality. [1] Obtaining circuit board design data is not by necessity malicious or aimed at intellectual property theft ...
Thermal expansion mismatch between the printed circuit board material and component packaging strains the part-to-board bonds. Thermal cycling may lead to fatigue cracking of the solder joints. Loose particles, like weld flash and tin whiskers , can form in the device cavity and migrate inside the packaging, causing often intermittent and shock ...
A reference designator unambiguously identifies the location of a component within an electrical schematic or on a printed circuit board.The reference designator usually consists of one or two letters followed by a number, e.g. C3, D1, R4, U15.
Not to be confused with Printed electronics. "PC board" redirects here. For the mainboard of personal computers, see Motherboard. "Panelization" redirects here. For the page layout strategy, see N-up. Printed circuit board of a DVD player Part of a 1984 Sinclair ZX Spectrum computer board, a printed circuit board, showing the conductive traces, the through-hole paths to the other surface, and ...
Desoldering may be required to replace a defective component, to alter an existing circuit, or to salvage components for re-use. Use of too high a temperature or heating for too long may damage components or destroy the bond between a printed circuit trace and the board substrate. Techniques are different for through-hole and surface-mounted ...
As with bridging faults, the resulting behavior depends on the circuit implementation. Dynamic faults, only at-speed and are sensitized by performing multiple operations sequentially: The transition delay fault (or transition fault) model, where the signal eventually assumes the correct value, but more slowly (or rarely, more quickly) than normal.
A circuit diagram (or: wiring diagram, electrical diagram, elementary diagram, electronic schematic) is a graphical representation of an electrical circuit. A pictorial circuit diagram uses simple images of components, while a schematic diagram shows the components and interconnections of the circuit using standardized symbolic representations.