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For similar reasons, a technique called trace necking reduces (or necks down [7] [8] [9]) the width of a trace that approaches a narrower pad of a surface-mounted device or a through-hole with a diameter that is less than the width of the trace, or when the trace passes through bottlenecks (for example, between the pads of a component).
Thermal expansion mismatch between the printed circuit board material and component packaging strains the part-to-board bonds. Thermal cycling may lead to fatigue cracking of the solder joints. Loose particles, like weld flash and tin whiskers , can form in the device cavity and migrate inside the packaging, causing often intermittent and shock ...
Reverse engineering of printed circuit boards (sometimes called “cloning”, or PCB RE) is the process of generating fabrication and design data for an existing circuit board, either closely or exactly replicating its functionality. [1] Obtaining circuit board design data is not by necessity malicious or aimed at intellectual property theft ...
Not to be confused with Printed electronics. "PC board" redirects here. For the mainboard of personal computers, see Motherboard. "Panelization" redirects here. For the page layout strategy, see N-up. Printed circuit board of a DVD player Part of a 1984 Sinclair ZX Spectrum computer board, a printed circuit board, showing the conductive traces, the through-hole paths to the other surface, and ...
A reference designator unambiguously identifies the location of a component within an electrical schematic or on a printed circuit board.The reference designator usually consists of one or two letters followed by a number, e.g. C3, D1, R4, U15.
A circuit diagram (or: wiring diagram, electrical diagram, elementary diagram, electronic schematic) is a graphical representation of an electrical circuit. A pictorial circuit diagram uses simple images of components, while a schematic diagram shows the components and interconnections of the circuit using standardized symbolic representations.
ATPG (acronym for both automatic test pattern generation and automatic test pattern generator) is an electronic design automation method or technology used to find an input (or test) sequence that, when applied to a digital circuit, enables automatic test equipment to distinguish between the correct circuit behavior and the faulty circuit behavior caused by defects.
This is a method for finding electrically damaged pins on integrated circuit devices. [2] For three-terminal devices (such as transistors) a connection to the control terminal of the device being tested is used, such as the Base or Gate terminal. For BJT transistors and other current-controlled devices, the base or other control terminal ...